The true retention of vitamin C, iron, and &carotene in five vegetables cooked by household microwave-steaming, stirgrying with oil, stir-frying with water, and boiling to equal degrees of overall acceptability were compared. Vegetables prepared by microwave-steaming and stir-frying with oil had significantly higher (means of 1.31 -to 1.83 fold) vitamin C retention values than those which were boiled. lron retention was significantly higher (means of 1. I7-to 1.34-fold) in four of jive vegetables cooked by microwave-steaming rather than by boiling. @-carotene retention in four of five vegetables cooked by the different methods was similar. Overall, higher retention values were observed in vegetables cooked by microwave-steaming and stir-jrying with oil.

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The objective of the present study was to determine the length (mm) for sex transformation of hermaphroditism in white spot grouper Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus as a basis for developing breeding technology. Fish sampling was carried out between April and October 2013 in Padang City waters, Indonesia. A total of 56 white spot groupers were recorded during the study; of these 22 were male, 28 female and 6 samples were not recognized regarding sex preference. Sex differentiation was detected at a length of 183 mm, and at this size the fish are female. Sex transformation to male begun to occur at 302 mm total length.

The fertility of cows was affected by the diameter of ovulating follicle size of the native cows. The objective of the present study is to determine the ovulating follicle diameter and conception rate of native PESISIR cows. This study used the synchronization program of 29 cows in OVSYNCH protocol and 33 cows in Co-synch protocol of native Pesisir cows in parity-3 with a body condition score of 3.0. Ultrasonography examination was conducted at GnRH1, PGF2α, and GnRH2 of OVSYNCH and co-synch protocols 30 days after the breeding period to determine the follicular size and conception rate of local cows. The result shows that the diameter of the ovulating follicle is a small follicle category ranging from 6 to 11 mm. The proportion of medium category of follicle size (8-9.5 mm) is 72.41 % for OVSYNCH protocol and 75.75 % for the co-synch protocol (P>0.05). The mean of ovulating follicle is 7.19 ± 1.69 mm for OVSYNCH protocol and 8.57 ± 1.61 mm for the co-synch protocol (P>0.05). The mean of conception rate is 72.00 % for OVSYNCH protocol and 68.44 % for the co-synch protocol (P.>0.05). The mean of progesterone concentration of ovsynch protocol is 6.76 ; 4,92; 5.44 and 9,56 ng/ml at GnRH-1; PGF2 alpha ; GnRH-2 injection and 30 d post-AI, respectively. In cosynch protocol progesterone concentrations are 6.36; 3.36; 1.92 and 7.84 ng/ml, at GnRH-1; PGF2 alpha; GnRH-2 and 30 d post-AI, respectively. This study concludes that follicle size is the key to determining the fertility of cows. The follicle diameter of local cows has a small category. Ovsynch and co-synch protocols have no significant effects (P>0.05)on both the ovulation and conception rates and the progesterone concentration of local PESISIR cows.