Effects of Resisted Sled Towing on Sprint Kinematics in Field-Sport Athletes

Lockie, Robert G.; Murphy, Alexander B.; Spinks, Christopher D.

doi:10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0760:eorsto>2.0.co;2

Cited by 114 publications

(231 citation statements)

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“…2001;Alegre et al 2006), fibre-type transformation (Andersen and Aagaard 2000) and alterations in the length-force characteristics (Abe et al 2000). Furthermore, muscular adaptations appear to be dependent on loading parameters, volume of exercise, velocity of exercise, and movement intent of the exercises used in training (Hakkinen et al 1985;ThepautMathieu et al 1988;Weir et al 1994;Rimmer 2000;Blazevich et al 2003;Lockie et al 2003;Markovic et al 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of range of motion in heavy load squatting on muscle and tendon adaptations

et al. 2013

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This file was dowloaded from the institutional repository Brage NIH -brage.bibsys.no/nih Bloomquist, K. L., Langberg, H. C., Karlsen, S., Madsgaard, S., Boesen, M., Raastad, T. (2013 AbstractPurpose Manipulating joint range of motion during squat training may have differential effects on adaptations to strength training with implications for sports and rehabilitation. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of squat training with a short vs. a long range of motion.Methods Male students (n=17) were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of progressive squat training (repetition matched, repetition maximum sets) performed as either a) deep squat (0-120˚ of knee flexion); n=8 (DS) or (b) shallow squat (0-60˚ of knee flexion); n=9 (SS). Strength (1 RM and isometric strength), jump performance, muscle architecture and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the thigh muscles, as well as CSA and collagen synthesis in the patellar tendon, were assessed before and after the intervention. ResultsThe DS group increased 1RM in both the SS and DS with ~20±3%, while the SS group achieved a 36±4% increase in the SS, and 9±2% in the DS (P<0.05). However, the main finding was that DS training resulted in superior increases in front thigh muscle CSA (4-7%) compared to SS training, whereas no differences were observed in patellar tendon CSA. In parallel with the larger increase in front thigh muscle CSA, a superior increase in isometric knee extension strength at 75˚(6±2%) and 105˚(8±1%) knee flexion, and squat-jump performance (15±3%), were observed in the DS group compared to the SS group. ConclusionTraining deep squats elicited favourable adaptations on knee extensor muscle size and function compared to training shallow squats.Running title: Squat range of motion and musculotendinous adaptations 3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of range of motion in heavy load squatting on muscle and tendon adaptations

et al. 2013

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“…Si la sobrecarga es muy baja, el sujeto correrá a una velocidad cercana a su máxima, y si la sobrecarga es alta, la velocidad decrecerá de forma sustancial y se alejará del principio de especificidad. La escasa bibliografía experimental encontrada recomienda que para que un entrenamiento resistido sea efectivo, éste no debe producir una pérdida en la máxima velocidad superior al 10% (Jakalski, 1998;Letzelter, Sauerwein & Burger, 1995;Lockie, Murphy & Spinks, 2003). De lo contrario, se producirán modificaciones significativas en la configuración de las palancas, proporcionando adaptaciones indeseadas.…”

Section: Establecimiento De La Intensidad Al Usar Métodos Resistidosunclassified

“…De lo contrario, se producirán modificaciones significativas en la configuración de las palancas, proporcionando adaptaciones indeseadas. Varios autores han propuesto ecuaciones para el cálculo de la carga adecuada en el entrenamiento de la aceleración y de la máxima velocidad con arrastres de trineo (Alcaraz, Palao & Elvira, 2009;Lockie, Murphy & Spinks, 2003;Spinks, Murphy, Spinks & Lockie, 2007). No obstante, hasta el momento no se ha desarrollado este tipo de cálculo Figura 1.…”

Section: Establecimiento De La Intensidad Al Usar Métodos Resistidosunclassified

“…El uso del trineo produce cambios puntuales en la cinemática del sprint, tanto en la fase de aceleración (Cronin & Hansen, 2006;Letzelter, Sauerwein & Burger, 1995;Lockie, Murphy, & Spinks, 2003;Zafeiridis et al, 2005) como en la fase de máxima velocidad (Alcaraz, Palao & Elvira, 2009;Elvira, Alcaraz & Palao, 2006;Zafeiridis et al, 2005) en sujetos poco entrenados y en atletas entrenados. La utilización de trineos en la fase de aceleración produce una disminución de la velocidad del atleta, de la amplitud y la frecuencia de zancada, incrementa los tiempos de contacto, la inclinación del tronco y produce algunos cambios en la configuración del tren inferior del atleta durante la fase de contacto.…”

Section: Arrastres De Trineounclassified

“…Siendo este aspecto un elemento a ser controlado por los entrenadores cuando este método resistido es empleado. Para la cuantificación de la intensidad en la fase de aceleración, Lockie et al (2003) y Spinks et al (2007) desarrollaron una ecuación para deportistas de deportes colectivos. Alcaraz, Palao y Elvira (2009) comprobaron la validez de esta ecuación en atletas entrenados con un un error de ± 2,2% de diferencia en la velocidad.…”

Section: Arrastres De Trineounclassified

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Características y efectos de los métodos resistidos en el sprint. (Characteristics and effects of resisted sprint training methods)

Alcaráz¹,

Elvira²,

Palao³

2009

CCD

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ResumenPara la mejora del rendimiento en el sprint se utilizan distintos métodos de entrenamiento, entre los más populares se encuentran los métodos resistidos. Un método resistido para el sprint se caracteriza por utilizar sprints con una sobrecarga o resistencia añadi-da. Dependiendo de las características del dispositivo, tanto la magnitud como la dirección de la resistencia va a ser diferente. Así, existen distintos tipos de méto-dos resistidos, estos son: arrastres de trineos o ruedas, lastres de chalecos o cinturones, arrastres de paracaí-das, carreras cuesta arriba, e incluso carreras sobre la arena de la playa. El principal objetivo al usar métodos resistidos es mejorar la fuerza específica de los deportistas sin producir una modificación significativa de la técnica del deportista. En el presente trabajo se revisan las características y efectos de los métodos resistidos tanto de forma aguda, como sus efectos a corto, medio y largo plazo.Palabras clave: Rendimiento, fuerza, velocidad, carrera. AbstractThere are different training methods for improving sprint performance, and resisted sprint training methods are one of the most popular. Sprint resisted methods are characterized by executing sprints with an added load. The direction of the resistance applied to the athlete is different for each device, and so each device has different effects on the athlete's velocity and sprinting mechanics. Thus, there are different resisted sprint training methods, which are: sled or tire towing, weighted belt/vest, speed parachutes, up-hill sprinting, and sand sprinting. The main purpose when using resisted methods is to improve an athlete's specific-strength, or, to achieve the greatest exercise specificity, such that the athlete's movement patterns should remain similar to those observed in unloaded sprinting. Therefore, the acute, short-, medium-, and long-term effects of resisted sprint training methods are reviewed in the present paper.

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Comparative Exercise Physiology

McGowan¹,

Hampson²

2007

Animal Physiotherapy

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The aim of this chapter is to discuss principles of exercise physiology and follow up, with discussion in an applied manner to familiarise the physiotherapist to some of the sports their animal patients will be undertaking. The chapter presumes a basic understanding of the physiology of exercise in people, and aims to expand knowledge of animal exercise physiology so that physiotherapists can more appropriately develop rehabilitation and exercise programmes for their animal patients.The physiology of exercise in animals is similar in physiological principles to humans and much of the research work in man has been and is still carried out on animals for the purposes of enhancing knowledge for human exercise physiologists. However, certain differences clearly occur that can have clinical significance and may affect exercise potential. Of course, animals are quadrupeds, but other factors can be equally important, such as the inability of horses to mouth breathe and dogs only sweat in localised regions of their body.For species-specific exercise physiology in animals, the greatest amount of research and knowledge has centred on the athletic horse, although this is gradually changing. Despite the advancements in research and clinical application of exercise physiology principles in animals, it may still surprise the physiotherapist used to working in a human sports setting how limited the translation of this knowledge is at the sporting industry level. Principles of exercise physiology Energy production for exerciseIt is clearly the aim of trainers of performance animals to maximise the animal's capacity for exercise. In simplest terms this means maximising the availability of energy for muscle contraction, in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the fuels required to produce it.There are limited stores of ATP within muscles for muscle contraction (either as ATP, or high energy phosphates like phosphocreatine) so energy is produced during exercise either aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen (and substrate). Aerobic energy productionAerobic production of ATP occurs via a series of reactions within the mitochondria called aerobic or oxidative phosphorylation because of its requirement for oxygen, and the ultimate step is the phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to make ATP. Aerobic energy production can occur using stored muscle glycogen or glucose from blood as an energy substrate. This involves glycogen or glucose undergoing glycolysis to produce pyruvate in the cell cytoplasm. Pyruvate can then be transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) in the mitochondria, which enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) or Krebs cycle. The net result of the TCA cycle is the production of ATP and the production of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH 2 ), which enter the electron transport chain producing ATP.Complete aerobic metabolism of one glucose unit (entering as glucose-1-phosphate) fr...

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Effects of Resisted Sled Towing on Sprint Kinematics in Field-Sport Athletes

Cited by 114 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of range of motion in heavy load squatting on muscle and tendon adaptations

Effect of range of motion in heavy load squatting on muscle and tendon adaptations

Características y efectos de los métodos resistidos en el sprint. (Characteristics and effects of resisted sprint training methods)

Comparative Exercise Physiology

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