Effects of Sarcoptic Mange and its Control with Oil of Cedrus deodara, Pongamia glabra, Jatropha curcas and Benzyl Benzoate, both with and without Ascorbic Acid on Growing Sheep: Epidemiology; Assessment of Clinical, Haematological, Cell‐Mediated Humoral Immune Responses and Pathology

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of commonly used acaricidal drugs in India and also to assess the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) as adjunct therapy in 72 growing sheep with sarcoptic mange, aged 5-6 months and weighing 20.4-31.7 kg. Eight replicates of nine animals were formed based on sex, and day 0 body weight. Another set of 12 healthy sheep (5-6 months old) constituted the healthy control group. Drugs were applied locally on the affected parts daily and recovery changes in skin lesions were observed at the time of every application. L-Ascorbic acid was administered intramuscularly. Skin scrapings were collected daily from each group and examined for the presence of mites. Blood samples from each group were collected and analysed for total erythrocytes, leucocytes, haematocrit, haemoglobin and lymphocytes on 0, 14th and 28th day post-treatment (PT). Cell-mediated (CMI) and humoral immune (HI) responses were assessed on 0 and 28 days PT. Within groups treated with the drug alone, recovery in oil of Jatropha curcas group was faster and lesions were free from mites after the eighth application. For each drug, the recovery was faster with AA as an adjunct therapy when compared with the group treated with the drug alone. Within all groups, recovery in oil of J. curcas plus ascorbic acid (OJC-AA) group was fastest and the lesions were mite-free after three applications. The overall mean values were higher for all haematological parameters in OJC-AA group. Recovery with respect to suppressed CMI and HI responses during infection was also faster in this group. Gross and microscopic pathological studies revealed a marked adverse effect of infection on skin, kidney, spleen and liver. The OJC-AA group indicated faster recovery. It is concluded from this study that oil of J. curcas was found more efficacious in controlling sarcoptic mange in sheep and AA might be beneficial as adjunct in case of sarcoptic mange to get quick recovery with lesser applications of main therapy. However, the pharmacology of AA with reference to health of skin needs to be investigated.

Circulating oxidative stress status in dromedary camels infested with sarcoptic mange

“…Various pathological changes were observed in liver, spleen and kidney of wombats, sheep and buffaloes suffering from sarcoptic mange (Skerratt et al 1999;Dimri and Sharma 2004;Dimri et al 2008). Further studies are needed to explore this concept in the camel.…”

Vitamin E Ameliorates the Mineralo-Oxidative Stress of Sucking Lice Infestation in Indian Water Buffalo

“…Accruing evidence from recent studies is promising the potential use of antioxidants in prophylactic and therapeutic management of the infectious disease. The ameliorative potential of the antioxidants in management of parasitic disease is increasing dramatically, Vitamin C in caprine pediculosis (Ajith et al, 2019), Vitamin E-Selenium for sarcoptic mange in canines (Behera et al, 2011;Singh and Dimri, 2013), Vitamin ADEH for psoroptic in rabbit (Singh et al, 2012) and herbal essential oils for sarcoptic mange infestation in sheep (Dimri and Sharma, 2004). N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC), a mucolytic agent, has been used for the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis in patients for many years and also used as an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity.…”

Vitamin C Moderates the Oxidative Stress of Bubaline Pediculosis in Indian Water Buffaloes

“…Growing body of evidence from recent studies promises the potential use of antioxidants for prophylactic and therapeutic management of various infectious diseases. The potential use of the antioxidants in the various ectoparasitic conditions in domestic animals are increasing significantly, Vitamin E in bubaline pediculosis (Madhesh et al, 2019),Vitamin C in pediculosis of goats (Ajith et al, 2019).Combination of Vitamin E-Selenium for sarcoptic mange in dogs (Behera et al, 2011;Singh and Dimri, 2013), Combined Vitamin ADEH was used for control of psoroptic mange in domestic rabbits (Singh et al, 2012) and essential oils also used to control sarcoptic mange in sheep (Dimri and Sharma, 2004).…”