Effects of selection for high and low plasma glucose concentration in chickens

Leclercq, B.; Simon, Jean; Ricard, F.H.

doi:10.1080/00071668708416991

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The low heritabilities of these condition measures (all <4O0/o) were consistent with the argument that they reflect parental (probably maternal) effects as suggested by Schluter & Gustafsson (1993), or the inheritance of associated traits such as disease resistance. It seems less likely that such effects could account for the higher heritabilities (above 30% and often above 60%) observed for both fat and muscle levels under controlled environmental conditions in domesticated lines of Jungle Fowl Gallus gallus (Cahaner & Nitsan, 1985;Kazakov et al, 1984;Cahaner et al, 1985;Leenstra & Pit, 1988;LeClercq et al, 1988;Farghaly et al, 1989;Wang et al, 199 1;Shahin, 199 I), Turkey Meleagris galloparuo (Havenstein et al, 1988), Japanese Quail Coturnix coturnix (Sato et al, 1989) Goose Anser sp. (Grunder et ul., 1989) and Mallard Anus ~la@rhynchos (Klemm & Pingel, 1987), even under intense artificial selection for these traits.…”

Section: Conclusioksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the heritability of body condition in birds: a challenge exemplified by the great tit Parus major L. (Aves)

Gosler¹,

Harper

2000

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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The definition and measurement of body condition are central to many ecological and evolutionary studies, yet the fundamental issue of whether variation in condition is inherited genetically remains unresolved. Furthermore, confusion has been caused through diverse uses of the word 'condition' itself. In this paper, we introduce the terms 'broad-sense condition' and 'narrow-sense condition' in an attempt to reduce this confusion. Because of the difficulty of measuring condition, field biologists use the mass relative to body size as a convenient index of condition. Such indices have also been used to estimate the heritability of condition. Using data from a wild great tit Parus major population, we demonstrate that a condition index may stiU contain residual variance that is due to body size. Hence, using a condition index to study the heritability of condition can give misleading results because that residual variance may itself be heritable. T o avoid this problem, direct measures of condition, such as reserve tissues, should be used. We provide the first heritability estimates of direct measures of condition of full-grown birds in a wild population by the regression of mean offspring (both in winter, and when breeding) on mean parent (when breeding) values of two reserve tissues, fat and pectoral muscle, which are independent of body-size. A great tit's fat and muscle reserves in winter were significantly correlated with their respective values when the birds bred. However there was no evidence that the level of fat reserves in winter resembled those of the parents (when breeding), more than expected by chance. Slight resemblances between parents and offspring were detected for muscle in winter and for fat reserves when breeding. Muscle size in the breeding season provided stronger evidence for the inheritance of condition. 0 2000 The Linnean Society of London ADDITIONAL KEY WORDS:-inheritancefatmusclematernal effects -Wytham.

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Section: Conclusioksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the heritability of body condition in birds: a challenge exemplified by the great tit Parus major L. (Aves)

Gosler¹,

Harper

2000

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…Several genetic lines of fat and lean chickens have been developed through phenotypic selection, most of which have both elevated plasma levels of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and lower levels of plasma glucose, reflecting the importance of hepatic lipogenesis and glucose consumption in fat accretion. Reciprocally, phenotypic selection for low plasma glucose simultaneously selects for fatness [12]. Both chicken and mammalian adipocytes develop through a sequence of molecular triggers including activation of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of chicken adipose tissue in response to insulin neutralization and fasting

Ernest

Gooding

et al. 2012

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundDomestic broiler chickens rapidly accumulate adipose tissue due to intensive genetic selection for rapid growth and are naturally hyperglycemic and insulin resistant, making them an attractive addition to the suite of rodent models used for studies of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. Furthermore, chicken adipose tissue is considered as poorly sensitive to insulin and lipolysis is under glucagon control. Excessive fat accumulation is also an economic and environmental concern for the broiler industry due to the loss of feed efficiency and excessive nitrogen wasting, as well as a negative trait for consumers who are increasingly conscious of dietary fat intake. Understanding the control of avian adipose tissue metabolism would both enhance the utility of chicken as a model organism for human obesity and insulin resistance and highlight new approaches to reduce fat deposition in commercial chickens.ResultsWe combined transcriptomics and metabolomics to characterize the response of chicken adipose tissue to two energy manipulations, fasting and insulin deprivation in the fed state. Sixteen to 17 day-old commercial broiler chickens (ISA915) were fed ad libitum, fasted for five hours, or fed but deprived of insulin by injections of anti-insulin serum. Pair-wise contrasts of expression data identified a total of 2016 genes that were differentially expressed after correction for multiple testing, with the vast majority of differences due to fasting (1780 genes). Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that a short term fast impacted expression of genes in a broad selection of pathways related to metabolism, signaling and adipogenesis. The effects of insulin neutralization largely overlapped with the response to fasting, but with more modest effects on adipose tissue metabolism. Tissue metabolomics indicated unique effects of insulin on amino acid metabolism.ConclusionsCollectively, these data provide a foundation for further study into the molecular basis for adipose expansion in commercial poultry and identify potential pathways through which fat accretion may be attenuated in the future through genetic selection or management practices. They also highlight chicken as a useful model organism in which to study the dynamic relationship between food intake, metabolism, and adipose tissue biology.

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“…Des perturbations plus modestes de la glycémie (et de la relation glucose-insuline), mais non sans conséquence sur le métabolisme, la croissance des tissus et la composition corporelle des poulets sont rapportés dans différents modèles génétiques expérimentaux : lignées de poulets Maigre ou Grasse qui présentent par ailleurs un poids corporel semblable, lignées présentant une glycémie basale (à jeun) basse ou élevée, lignées à croissance lente ou rapide, lignées normales vs naines (Leclercq et al 1987, Gueritault et al 1990, Beccavin et al 2001. On observe également des changements de la relation glucose-insuline et de la composition corporelle dans des croisements commerciaux de poulet de chair après traitement chronique par de la corticostérone exogène (Taouis et al 1993), chez des poulets soumis à un stress thermique (Boussaid-Om Ezzine et al 2010) ou nourris de façon intermittente (Simon et Rosselin 1979).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…L'origine génétique des animaux, leur âge et l'état nutritionnel influent sur la glycémie basale. Ainsi, des lignées de poulets sélectionnées sur l'engraissement présentent des glycémies basales significativement différentes (Touchburn et al 1981) ; à l'opposé une sélection sur la glycémie basale a été possible (Leclercq et al 1987). Lu et al 2007 rapportent que la glycémie passe progressivement de 1,16 g/L à 10 jours de vie embryonnaire à 2,33 g/L 3 jours après l'éclosion tandis que Sinsigalli et al (1987) constatent que la glycémie basale de poulets sélectionnés sur la croissance diminue significativement de 6 à 12 semaines d'âge.…”

Section: / La Glycémie Et Ses Variationsunclassified

Utilisation périphérique du glucose chez le poulet et le canard : implications pour la croissance et la qualité de la viande

Rideau¹,

Métayer-Coustard

2012

INRA Prod. Anim.

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Utilisation périphérique du glucose chez le poulet et le canard : implications pour la croissance et la qualité de la viandeComprendre les mécanismes qui régulent l'utilisation périphérique du glucose est une question centrale pour la maîtrise de la croissance musculaire et de la composition corporelle et au-delà, puisque ces caractères ont des répercussions sur l'efficacité des productions, la quantité de rejets, la qualité nutritionnelle et technologique des produits, les performances de reproduction et la santé.

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Effects of selection for high and low plasma glucose concentration in chickens

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Assessing the heritability of body condition in birds: a challenge exemplified by the great tit Parus major L. (Aves)

Assessing the heritability of body condition in birds: a challenge exemplified by the great tit Parus major L. (Aves)

Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of chicken adipose tissue in response to insulin neutralization and fasting

Utilisation périphérique du glucose chez le poulet et le canard : implications pour la croissance et la qualité de la viande

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