Effects of Solute Methoxylation on Glass-Forming Ability and Stability of Vitrification Solutions

Wowk, Brian; Darwin, Michael G.; Harris, Steven B.; Russell, Sandra; Rasch, Coen R. N.

doi:10.1006/cryo.1999.2203

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The slow warming rates characteristic of calorimetric methods used in previous studies have generally been insufficient to measure critical warming rates for moderate concentrations of most cryoprotectants [16]. Critical warming rate data have only been reported for a few cryoprotectants (DMSO, levo-2,3-butanediol, propane-1,2-diol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, DL-theritol, and 1,4-Di-O-methyl-DL-theritol), and only for critical warming rates below ~8.3 K/s [2,9,14,16,58]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of common cryoprotectants on critical warming rates and ice formation in aqueous solutions

et al. 2012

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Ice formation on warming is of comparable or greater importance to ice formation on cooling in determining survival of cryopreserved samples. Critical warming rates required for ice-free warming of vitrified aqueous solutions of glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 200 and sucrose have been measured for warming rates of order 10 to 104 K/s. Critical warming rates are typically one to three orders of magnitude larger than critical cooling rates. Warming rates vary strongly with cooling rates, perhaps due to the presence of small ice fractions in nominally vitrified samples. Critical warming and cooling rate data spanning orders of magnitude in rates provide rigorous tests of ice nucleation and growth models and their assumed input parameters. Current models with current best estimates for input parameters provide a reasonable account of critical warming rates for glycerol solutions at high concentrations/low rates, but overestimate both critical warming and cooling rates by orders of magnitude at lower concentrations and larger rates. In vitrification protocols, minimizing concentrations of potentially damaging cryoprotectants while minimizing ice formation will require ultrafast warming rates, as well as fast cooling rates to minimize the required warming rates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of common cryoprotectants on critical warming rates and ice formation in aqueous solutions

et al. 2012

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“…27 M22 attains further stability by including a novel polymer that is capable of significantly slowing ice crystal growth 27 and has an ideal tonicity for blocking "chilling injury" (an ill-understood form of injury caused by cooling per se). 27 Finally, M22 contains a novel low-toxicity, strongly glass-forming, and highly permeable methoxylated cryoprotectant 74 and a highly permeating novel amide. 27 M22 (so named because it is intended for use at Ϫ22°C), has extraordinary physical properties (Table 3); however, when used in renal cortical slice toxicity screening assays, it yielded Ͼ90% recovery of ion transport function.…”

Section: Progress Toward Organ Cryopreservation By Vitrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryopreservation of Complex Systems: The Missing Link in the Regenerative Medicine Supply Chain

Fahy

Wowk

2006

Rejuvenation Research

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Transplantation can be regarded as one form of "antiaging medicine" that is widely accepted as being effective in extending human life. The current number of organ transplants in the United States is on the order of 20,000 per year, but the need may be closer to 900,000 per year. Cadaveric and living-related donor sources are unlikely to be able to provide all of the transplants required, but the gap between supply and demand can be eliminated in principle by the field of regenerative medicine, including the present field of tissue engineering through which cell, tissue, and even organ replacements are being created in the laboratory. If so, it could allow over 30% of all deaths in the United States to be substantially postponed, raising the probability of living to the age of 80 by a factor of two and the odds of living to 90 by more than a factor of 10. This promise, however, depends on the ability to physically distribute the products of regenerative medicine to patients in need and to produce these products in a way that allows for adequate inventory control and quality assurance. For this purpose, the ability to cryogenically preserve (cryopreserve) cells, tissues, and even whole laboratory-produced organs may be indispensable. Until recently, the cryopreservation of organs has seemed a remote prospect to most observers, but developments over the past few years are rapidly changing the scientific basis for preserving even the most difficult and delicate organs for unlimited periods of time. Animal intestines and ovaries have been frozen, thawed, and shown to function after transplantation, but the preservation of vital organs will most likely require vitrification. With vitrification, all ice formation is prevented and the organ is preserved in the glassy state below the glass transition temperature (T G ). Vitrification has been successful for many tissues such as veins, arteries, cartilage, and heart valves, and success has even been claimed for whole ovaries. For vital organs, a significant recent milestone for vitrification has been the ability to routinely recover rabbit kidneys after cooling to a mean intrarenal temperature of about Ϫ45°C, as verified by life support function after transplantation. This temperature is not low enough for long-term banking, but research continues on preservation below Ϫ45°C, and some encouraging preliminary evidence has been obtained indicating that kidneys can support life after vitrification. Full development of tissue engineering and organ generation from stem cells, when combined with the ability to bank these laboratory-produced products, in theory could dramatically increase median life expectancy even in the absence of any improvements in mitigating aging processes on a fundamental level. 279

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“…The glass-forming ability of PG is outstanding comparing with glycerol and glycol. Wowk et al [1] have explored that cryoprotectants that contain hydroxyl groups ''waste" a significant portion of their water interaction capacity by interacting with adjacent cryoprotectant molecules instead of water. The intramolecular and intermolecular H-bond of conventional polyol decreases the glass-forming tendency of cryoprotectant solutions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unique structure of alcohols provides the most valuable opportunity for the systematic studying to the balance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions. Propylene glycol (PG), with its terminal CH 3 CH(OH)-group and vicinal hydroxyls, is a good cosolvent and cryoprotectant [1][2][3], it is also considered to have unique properties because of its unique structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure variations with concentration of propylene glycol–water solution probed by NMR

Zhou¹,

Hu²,

Shen³

et al. 2009

Journal of Molecular Structure

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Effects of Solute Methoxylation on Glass-Forming Ability and Stability of Vitrification Solutions

Cited by 38 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of common cryoprotectants on critical warming rates and ice formation in aqueous solutions

Effect of common cryoprotectants on critical warming rates and ice formation in aqueous solutions

Cryopreservation of Complex Systems: The Missing Link in the Regenerative Medicine Supply Chain

Microstructure variations with concentration of propylene glycol–water solution probed by NMR

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