Effects of storage time and exogenous xylanase supplementation of new season wheats on the performance of young male pigs

Abstract

Cadogan, D. J., Choct, M. and Campbell, R. G. 2003. Effects of storage time and exogenous xylanase supplementation of new season wheats on the performance of young male pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 83: 105-112. A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the influence of new season wheats on pig growth performance. Experiments were carried out on 10 different wheats at the time of harvest and 10 mo post-harvest. At harvest wheat, at a 65% level in the steam-pelleted diets, influenced (P < 0.01) feed intake and daily gain over a 21-d trial. Thus, feed intake and daily gain of pigs offered the lowest and highest quality wheats varied by 47 and 48%, respectively. There was, however, no effect on feed conversion ratio (FCR), even though dry matter (DM) digestibility and digestible energy (DE) values of different wheats differed significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). The non-starch carbohydrate (NSC) level of the wheats was measured as the sum of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and free sugars. The NSC level of the wheats negatively affected feed intake (r 2 = -0.556: P < 0.01) and daily gain (r 2 = -0.574: P < 0.01). After 10 mo of storage, the feed intake and daily gain of the pigs fed the same wheats were significantly (P < 0.01) higher, but not all the wheats responded to storage. A xylanase product was added to three of the 10 mo-old wheats, which were precharacterized as low, medium and high intake wheats. The enzyme increased (P < 0.01) daily gain and feed intake of the pigs fed the low-quality wheat by 50.6 and 42.8%, respectively. It may be concluded that the nutritive value of wheat for weaner pigs varies widely and appears to be related to the level of NSC and the cell wall structure of the grain. On n'a cependant relevé aucune incidence sur l'indice de consommation, malgré une variation significative de la digestibilité de la matière sèche et de la quantité d'énergie digestible entre les différentes sortes de blé (P < 0,01 et P < 0,01, respectivement). On a dosé la concentration d'hydrates de carbone autres que l'amidon (HCAA) dans le blé en additionnant la concentration de polysaccharides sauf l'amidon et de sucres libres. La teneur en HCAA du blé agit négativement sur la prise alimentaire (r 2 = -0,556; P < 0,01) et sur le gain quotidien (r 2 = -0,574; P < 0,01). Après dix mois de stockage, on remarque une hausse significative (P < 0,01) de la prise alimentaire et du gain quotidien des porcs nourris avec les mêmes sortes de blé, mais ces dernières ne répondent pas toutes de la même façon à l'entreposage. On a ajouté de la xylanase à trois blés vieux de dix mois se caractérisant par une faible, une moyenne et une forte prise alimentaire des animaux. L'enzyme a respectivement accru (P < 0,01) le gain quotidien et la prise alimentaire des porcs recevant le blé de piètre qualité de 50,6 % et de 42,8 %. On pourrait en conclure que la valeur nutritive du blé varie considérablement pour les porcs sevrés et semble s'associer à la concentration de HCAA ainsi qu'à la structure de la paroi cell...

Nutritive value of wheat and wheat by-products in pig nutrition: A review

“…In a study of Gill et al (2000) with weaned piglets fed a wheat-based diet (706 g wheat/kg diet as-fed), supplementation of an enzyme cocktail, including xylanase, amylase, ␤-glucanase and pectinase, resulted in a significant improvement in feed conversion rate compared to the unsupplemented diets. This is in accordance with the results of a study by Cadogan et al (2003), where supplementing xylanase to a wheat-based diet (650 g wheat/kg diet as-fed) increased daily gain and feed intake and tended to improve feed conversion rate. In nursery pigs, however, enzyme supplementation to a wheat-based diet (530 g wheat/kg diet on average) did not affect growth performance, eventually due to the lower inclusion level of wheat in the diets (Mavromichalis et al, 2000).…”

Xylanase in diets for growing pigs and broiler chicks

“…Several studies have reported improved performance of pigs when xylanase or other glycanases were used in diets with high levels of NSP (Li et al 1996;Cadogan et al 2003;Omogbenigun et al 2003). Barrera et al (2004) reported that xylanase at the rate of 11 000 U kg -1 supplemented to diets in which wheat made up about 98% of the diet led to improvement in average daily gain of 20.5-kg pigs.…”

“…Xylanase, a glycosidase enzyme, hydrolyzes the arabinoxylan structure, thus increasing the digestion of NSP (Härkönen et al 1995), the release of bound protein (Tervilä-Wilo et al 1996), and the reduction in digesta viscosity (Choct et al 1999), with consequent enhancement of livestock performance. The use of xylanase in wheat-based diet fed to young pigs resulted in improved daily gain and feed intake (Cadogan et al 2003), increased total tract digestibility of nutrients (Omogbenigun et al 2003) …”

Supplementation of carbohydrases or phytase individually or in combination to diets for weanling and growing-finishing pigs1

“…Phytase supplementation of P-deficient diets resulted in improved growth performance of pigs (Nasi, 1990;Cromwell et al, 1993;Han et al, 1997) and improved P and Ca utilization (Nasi, 1990;Adeola, 1995). Adding carbohydrases to a wheat-based diet fed to young pigs resulted in improved ADG and ADFI (Cadogan et al, 2003), increased total tract digestibility of DM and N (Mavromichalis et al, 2000), and improved energy digestibility in wheat-soybean meal (SBM) diet (Li et al, 1996). Feedstuffs are heterogeneous in composition; hence to derive maximum benefits from enzyme supplementation, the use of cocktail of enzymes with different activities that target the different chemical components might be more beneficial than using an enzyme with a single activity.…”