Effects of study list composition on the word frequency effect and metacognitive attributions in recognition memory

Higham, Philip A.; Bruno, Davide; Perfect, Timothy J.

doi:10.1080/09658211.2010.517757

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In conclusion, we believe the current data coupled with those from Higham and Brooks (1997) and Higham et al (2010) provide a strong case for using conjunctive rule sets were observed in all cases, and in no cases were participants able to verbalize the rule set even when presented in the current research with the categories making up the conjunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Implicit learning of conjunctive rule sets: An alternative to artificial grammars

Neil

Higham

2012

Consciousness and Cognition

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A single experiment is reported that investigated implicit learning using a conjunctive rule set applied to natural words. Participants memorized a training list consisting of words that were either rare-concrete and common-abstract or common-concrete and rare-abstract. At test, they were told of the rule set, but not told what it was. Instead, they were shown all four word types and asked to classify words as rule-consistent words or not. Participants classified the items above chance, but were unable to verbalize the rules, even when shown a list that included the categories that made up the conjunctive rule and asked to select them. Most participants identified familiarity as the reason for classifying the items as they did. An analysis of the materials demonstrated that conscious micro rules (i.e., chunk knowledge) could not have driven performance. We propose that such materials offer an alternative to artificial grammar for studies of implicit learning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Using identical materials to those used here, Higham et al (2010) demonstrated that NC words had a higher false alarm rate than NI words in old/new recognition. However, ours is the first study to demonstrate a structural effect with these particular materials in classification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit learning of conjunctive rule sets: An alternative to artificial grammars

Neil

Higham

2012

Consciousness and Cognition

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“…In this research, participants first study a list of words and are later required to recall the stimuli or to discriminate them from lures (new items). Interestingly, here the pattern of results depends on the task: Low-frequency words in general are more difficult to recall but lead to better performance in a recognition task (i.e., they result in higher d’ values as calculated by signal detection theory; e.g., Cortese, Khanna, & Hacker, 2010; Gregg, Gardiner, Karayianni, & Konstantinou, 2006; Higham, Bruno, & Perfect, 2010; Yonelinas, 2002; see also Kang, Balota, & Yap, 2009, for an example of how this reverse frequency effect can be attenuated by context). Because of the importance of word frequency, no study in word recognition or memory research can afford to leave out this variable.…”

Section: The Importance Of Word Frequencymentioning

confidence: 95%

The Word Frequency Effect

Brysbaert

Büchmeier

Conrad

et al. 2011

Experimental Psychology

377

218

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We review recent evidence indicating that researchers in experimental psychology may have used suboptimal estimates of word frequency. Word frequency measures should be based on a corpus of at least 20 million words that contains language participants in psychology experiments are likely to have been exposed to. In addition, the quality of word frequency measures should be ascertained by correlating them with behavioral word processing data. When we apply these criteria to the word frequency measures available for the German language, we find that the commonly used Celex frequencies are the least powerful to predict lexical decision times. Better results are obtained with the Leipzig frequencies, the dlexDB frequencies, and the Google Books 2000-2009 frequencies. However, as in other languages the best performance is observed with subtitle-based word frequencies. The SUBTLEX-DE word frequencies collected for the present ms are made available in easy-to-use files and are free for educational purposes.

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“…Chubala, Surprenant, Neath, and Quinlan ( 2018 ) found that performance on the serial recognition test was lower when it was the only test, but higher when half the trials could end in a serial recall test. There is other evidence for a metacognitive component for tasks involving frequency (e.g., Higham, Bruno, & Perfect, 2010 ; Tullis & Benjamin, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussion Of Experiments 5 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The item/order account of word frequency effects: Evidence from serial order tests

Neath

Quinlan

2021

Mem Cogn

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According to the item/order hypothesis, high-frequency words are processed more efficiently and therefore order information can be readily encoded. In contrast, low-frequency words are processed less efficiently and the focus on item-specific processing compromises order information. Most experiments testing this account use free recall, which has led to two problems: First, the role of order information is difficult to evaluate in free recall, and second, the data from free recall show all three possible patterns of results: memory for high-frequency words can be better than, the same as, or worse than that for low-frequency words. A series of experiments tested the item/order hypothesis using tests where the role of order information is less ambiguous. The item/order hypothesis predicts better performance for high- than low-frequency words when pure lists are used in both immediate serial recall (ISR) and serial reconstruction of order (SRO) tests. In contrast, when mixed (alternating) lists are used, it predicts better performance for low- than for high-frequency words with ISR tests, but equivalent performance with SRO tests. The experiments generally confirm these predictions, with the notable exception of a block order effect in SRO tasks: When a block of low-frequency lists preceded a block of high-frequency lists, a high-frequency advantage was observed but when a block of high-frequency lists preceded a block of low-frequency lists, no frequency effect was observed. A final experiment provides evidence that this block order effect is due to metacognitive factors.

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Effects of study list composition on the word frequency effect and metacognitive attributions in recognition memory

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Implicit learning of conjunctive rule sets: An alternative to artificial grammars

Implicit learning of conjunctive rule sets: An alternative to artificial grammars

The Word Frequency Effect

The item/order account of word frequency effects: Evidence from serial order tests

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