Effects of temperature and length of exposure on the mortality of the carrot cyst nematode, Heterodera carotae

Greco, N.; D’Addabbo, T.; Sasanelli, N.; Seinhorst, J.W.; Stea, V.; Brandonisio, A.

doi:10.1080/096708798228392

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In order to increase the accuracy of the Tb value determined from our experiments, a range of lower temperatures below 5.0°C (1, 2, 3, 4°C) was investigated and no detectable development was observed. The low Tb value indicates that this population of H. schachtii is a temperate species adapted to lower temperatures, which supports Greco et al (1998) andD'Addabbo et al (2005), who showed that H. schachtii is more sensitive to heat than cold stress. Angus et al (1981) and Trudgill et al (2005) reported that Tb values lower than 8°C are characteristic of adaptation to cool environments, whilst values higher than 12°C characterise adaptation to warm environments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Effect of temperature on the life cycle of Heterodera schachtii infecting oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Kakaire

Haydock

2012

Nematol

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Oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napus L.) is a crop of increasing world importance and suffers yield loss when infected with Heterodera schachtii. The in vitro hatch, in planta root invasion and development of a field population of H. schachtii were investigated in six thermostatically-controlled water baths at temperatures of 5.0, 10.1, 20.5, 27.8, 32.2 and 37.5°C in a glasshouse. The UK winter OSR CVS Flash and Castille were used. Temperature was shown to have a major influence on the development of H. schachtii in OSR. The highest cumulative percentage hatch of second-stage juveniles (J2) observed over an 8-week incubation period occurred between 20.5 and 27.8°C in leachates of both OSR cultivars, indicating that this is the optimum temperature range for hatching of this population. Cumulative hatch was lowest at 37.5 and 5.0°C. Root invasion was inhibited at 5.0 and 37.5°C, whilst the highest number of J2 invaded the roots between 20.5 and 32.2°C, indicating that this is the optimum temperature range for root invasion. The life cycle took between 21 days at 20.5°C and 42 days at 5.0°C from the inoculated J2 to the J2 of the second generation, with the associated accumulated heat units (AHU) of 424 and 203 degree-days with a base temperature (Tb) of 5.0°C. The optimum temperature range (To) for development was between 20.5 and 27.8°C and the maximum (Tm) was 37.5°C. As temperature increased, the AHU required to complete the life cycle increased from 203 degree-days at 5.0°C to 1406 at 37.5°C. Leachates from both OSR cultivars stimulated more J2 to hatch than the distilled water controls. No significant cultivar differences were observed for J2 hatching, root invasion and duration of the life cycle at the different temperatures but significantly more cysts of the second generation (g root)"' were observed in cv. Flash than cv. Castille at 27.8 and 32.2°C, suggesting that the latter cultivar is a poorer host of H. schachtii than cv. Flash. This is the first report of the effect of temperature on H. schachtii development on current winter OSR cultivars in the UK and provides insight into the potential effects of climate change on the nematode-host interaction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Effect of temperature on the life cycle of Heterodera schachtii infecting oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Kakaire

Haydock

2012

Nematol

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“…Table 2. shows the mortality percentages calculated on the basis of the unhatched eggs which are not viable [35]. The mortality of G. pallida increased at each exposure time increasing the abamectin concentration.…”

Section: In Vitro Test On Cystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emerged juveniles and unhatched eggs (hatched + unhatched eggs) were considered as total numbers of eggs per replicate at the beginning of the experiment. Hatching rate was calculated as the per cent ratio between number of emerged juveniles and total number of eggs and difference to 100 was assumed as mortality rate [35]. The percentages of mortality were corrected by eliminating the natural death in the distilled water control according to the Schneider-Orelli's formula [45]: Data on mortality percentage were subjected to probit analysis [46] to estimate the values of lethal doses (LD), e.g., the abamectin dose required for 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 99.9% egg mortality at each exposure time.…”

Section: In Vitro Tests On Cystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abamectin Efficacy on the Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera pallida

Sasanelli

Toderaş

Veronico

et al. 2019

Plants

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The potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida is a major pest of the potato crop. Abamectin is a biological pesticide showing high nematicide activity, but its efficacy to control G. pallida has not been investigated to date. In this study, combination of different abamectin concentrations ranging from 1.125 to 36 µg/mL x exposure times from 24 to 384 h were tested on the nematode in a hatching test. Abamectin induced mortality with LD50 value in the range of 13.23 (after 24 h) to 2.90 µg/mL (after 384 h). A glasshouse experiment was also performed in pots filled with soil infected with G. pallida in the presence of sprouted potato tubers cultivar “Spunta”. Abamectin at 4.5, 9.0, 18.0 and 36.0 µg/mL was used in comparison with nematicide fosthiazate. The doses of 18 and 36 µg/mL significantly reduced number of eggs, juveniles, cyst/g soil and reproduction rate in comparison to both untreated control and fosthiazate treatment. Soil applications of abamectin provided significant G. pallida control with LD50 and LD99.9 of 14.4 and 131.3 µg/mL, respectively. These results indicate the efficacy of abamectin to control G. pallida on potato crops and its potential use in organic agriculture or in an integrated pest management program.

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