Effects of temperature on the material characteristics of midsole and insole footwear foams subject to quasi-static compressive and shear force loading

Shariatmadari, Mohammad; English, Russell; Rothwell, Glynn

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.10.045

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A possible explanation for this might be that the sole had "bottom-out" during the landing from the movement. This "bottom-out" out effect would have significantly reduced the shock absorption capability of the shoe (Shariatmadari, English, & Rothwell, 2012). While generally it would be difficult to "bottom-out" the midsole for a normal shoe with an affixed midsole, the design of the test shoe in this study comprised a removable midsole insert, which might have contributed to this "bottom-out" effect.…”

Section: Midsole Hardness On Vgrfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of body mass and midsole hardness on kinetic and perceptual variables during basketball landing manoeuvres

Nin

Lam

Kong

2015

Journal of Sports Sciences

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This study investigated the effects of body mass and shoe midsole hardness on kinetic and perceptual variables during the performance of three basketball movements: (1) the first and landing steps of layup, (2) shot-blocking landing and (3) drop landing. Thirty male basketball players, assigned into "heavy" (n = 15, mass 82.7 ± 4.3 kg) or "light" (n = 15, mass 63.1 ± 2.8 kg) groups, performed five trials of each movement in three identical shoes of varying midsole hardness (soft, medium, hard). Vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during landing was sampled using multiple wooden-top force plates. Perceptual responses on five variables (forefoot cushioning, rearfoot cushioning, forefoot stability, rearfoot stability and overall comfort) were rated after each movement condition using a 150-mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). A mixed factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) (Body Mass × Shoe) was applied to all kinetic and perceptual variables. During the first step of the layup, the loading rate associated with rearfoot contact was 40.7% higher in the "heavy" than "light" groups (P = .014) and 12.4% higher in hard compared with soft shoes (P = .011). Forefoot peak VGRF in a soft shoe was higher (P = .011) than in a hard shoe during shot-block landing. Both "heavy" and "light" groups preferred softer to harder shoes. Overall, body mass had little effect on kinetic or perceptual variables.

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Section: Midsole Hardness On Vgrfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of body mass and midsole hardness on kinetic and perceptual variables during basketball landing manoeuvres

Nin

Lam

Kong

2015

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…The midsole deteriorates over influenþa unui cumul de factori. Aceºti factori includ caracteristicile materialului utilizat pentru producþia branþului, dar ºi modul de utilizare a produsului de încãlþãminte [3][4][5][6]. O îngrijire incorectã a produsului, corelatã cu structura ºi materialele ansamblului inferior, duc la schimbãri ale proprietãþilor fizice ºi la pierderea caracteristicilor funcþionale ale acestui ansamblu.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Scanarea se realizeazã cu o precizie a pasului de 0.5mm, cu o vitezã de 30mm/sec, iar întreg procesul de scanare dureazã MATERIALE ªI METODE time under the influence of a set of factors. These factors include the characteristics of the material used for the midsole, but also the usage of the footwear product [3][4][5][6]. An improper maintenance of the product, correlated with the midsole structure and materials, will lead to changes of the physical properties and the loss of functional features of the footwear lower ensemble.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Finite Element Analysis Study of Footwear Lower Ensemble Influence on the Plantar Pressure Distribution

Mocanu¹,

Cioara²

2014

LFJ

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The plantar pressure distribution has a complex influence on the kinetics and kinematics of the lower limbs. The foot bed-outsole ensemble must provide the correct support of the foot and add corrections if necessary, in order to adjust the pressure distribution on the foot plantar surface. A poorly designed outsole, a feeble midsole or the incorrect care and use of the footwear product will lead to the deterioration of the foot bed functionality. The degree of the foot bed deterioration can be determined using in-shoe plantar pressure measuring devices. This loss of functionality must be prevented as much as possible in the design stage. Footwear prototyping and wearing tests are very expensive and time consuming and do not represent a viable method in economic terms. The fastest and less expensive testing method suitable for footwear production in design stages is the Finite Element Analysis. To use this method we developed a 3D CAD model of the human foot using as model a real 3D scanned foot. The scanned foot was processed in various 3D CAD systems in order to obtain a FEA usable 3D part. The developed model was used to determine how the ensemble of a specific sole design and a midsole with wear characteristics modify the plantar pressure distribution.

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“…Low or room temperature elastomeric behavior and high temperature processablitiy makes TPE as a suitable material for developing lightweight and recyclable microcellular foams [1]. Most of the commercial TPE foams for footwear application are developed either from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or ethylenevinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer in which the soft matrix provides sufficient free space for gas absorption whereas the rigid matrix prevents the gas diffusion during foaming process [2][3][4][5][6]. Styrene-(ethylene-cobutylene)-styrene polymers (SEBS) derived from the hydrogenation of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SES) polymers is a typical TPE which shows a better weather resistance, lower compression set, lower density, etc., can be a potential alternative of TPU or EVA [7,8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A developed, eco-friendly, and flexible thermoplastic elastomeric foam from SEBS for footwear application

Zhang¹,

Dai²,

Zou³

et al. 2019

Express Polym. Lett.

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In search of new materials to develop comfortable shoe sole, nowadays the researchers have resorted to the thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) usually used as cushioning materials for its easy processability and adorable physical properties that can meet both the comfort as well as other functional requirements (i.e. fashion, ultralight, aging, etc.). TPEs are a class of copolymers or physical mixes of polymers and have the morphology of non-miscible blends of elastomer and thermoplastic matrix simultaneously. Low or room temperature elastomeric behavior and high temperature processablitiy makes TPE as a suitable material for developing lightweight and recyclable microcellular foams [1]. Most of the commercial TPE foams for footwear application are developed either from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or ethylenevinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer in which the soft matrix provides sufficient free space for gas absorption whereas the rigid matrix prevents the gas diffusion during foaming process [2][3][4][5][6]. Styrene-(ethylene-cobutylene)-styrene polymers (SEBS) derived from the hydrogenation of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SES) polymers is a typical TPE which shows a better weather resistance, lower compression set, lower density, etc., can be a potential alternative of TPU or EVA [7,8]. SEBS consists of a soft midblock of ethylene-butylene (E-co-B) and hard end-blocks of 948 Abstract. Developing eco-friendly, flexible thermoplastic elastomeric foams based on poly(styrene-(ethylene-co-butylene)styrene) (SEBS) is a challenging task because of its poor melt strength. A promising approach to overcome this challenge is the use of synergistic technologies, such as combination of irradiation, supercritical fluid foaming, and steam-chest molding technologies. Herein, foamed beads were produced from pre-crosslinked SEBS beads using supercritical nitrogen as blowing agent, followed by subsequently efficient steam-chest molding to obtain midsole part. The crosslinking was accomplished under the assistance of electron beam. The rheology properties and foaming behavior reveals that the viscosity and modulus of the matrix increase with the increase of crosslinking resulting from increasing the irradiation dose (ID). With increasing the ID, successful foaming with larger expansion and improved cell morphology was achieved. SEBS bead foams were successfully obtained from 65 kGy-derived pre-crosslinked beads through steam-chest molding which showed a specific gravity of 0.252 g·cm -3 and comparable/superior mechanical properties to/than that of commercial thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) foams. Especially, the higher elasticity and resilience of SEBS foams meet well the desirable properties for footwear application which supports SEBS to be an alternative for TPU or EVA.

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Effects of temperature on the material characteristics of midsole and insole footwear foams subject to quasi-static compressive and shear force loading

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of body mass and midsole hardness on kinetic and perceptual variables during basketball landing manoeuvres

Effect of body mass and midsole hardness on kinetic and perceptual variables during basketball landing manoeuvres

A Finite Element Analysis Study of Footwear Lower Ensemble Influence on the Plantar Pressure Distribution

A developed, eco-friendly, and flexible thermoplastic elastomeric foam from SEBS for footwear application

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