Effects of the Physical Form of Diet on the Outcome of an Artificial<i>Salmonella</i>Infection in Broilers

Ratert, Christine; Sander, Saara; Verspohl, Jutta; Beyerbach, Martin; Kamphues, Josef

doi:10.1637/10890-062414-reg

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Thereby, to mimic the route of natural bacterial infection in animal trials, the seeder-bird model is frequently used and described for different enteral bacteria, such as E. coli, Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter spec. (Ratert et al, 2015; Schneitz and Hakkinen, 2016; Ceccarelli et al, 2017). The non- inoculated, susceptible sentinel birds mirror the animals naturally infected by the oral uptake of resistant bacteria from their surrounding environment after they were shed by the seeder birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Dose Colonization of Broiler Chickens With ESBL-/AmpC- Producing Escherichia coli in a Seeder-Bird Model Independent of Antimicrobial Selection Pressure

et al. 2019

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Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-) and AmpC beta-lactamase- (AmpC-) producing Enterobacteriaceae pose a risk for both human and animal health. For livestock, highest prevalences have been reported in broiler chickens, which are therefore considered as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The possibility of transfer to humans either by a close contact to colonized broiler flocks or through contaminated retail meat results in the necessity to develop intervention measures for the entire broiler production chain. In this regard, a basic understanding of the colonization process is mandatory including the determination of the minimal bacterial load leading to a persistent colonization of broiler chickens. Therefore, we conducted a bivalent broiler colonization study close to real farming conditions without applying any antimicrobial selection pressure. ESBL- and AmpC- negative broiler chickens (Ross 308) were co- colonized on their third day of life with two strains: one CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli-ST410 and one CMY-2/mcr-1-positive E. coli-ST10. Colonization was assessed by cloacal swabs over the period of the trial, starting 24 h post inoculation. During the final necropsy, the contents of crop, jejunum, cecum, and colon were quantified for the occurrence of both bacterial strains. To define the minimal oral colonization dosage 104 to 101 colony forming units (cfu) were orally inoculated to four separately housed broiler groups (each n = 19, all animals inoculated) and a dosage of already 101 cfu E. coli led to a persistent colonization of all animals of the group after 3 days. To assure stable colonization, however, a dosage of 102 cfu E. coli was chosen for the subsequent seeder-bird trial. In the seeder-bird trial one fifth of the animals (seeder, n = 4) were orally inoculated and kept together with the non-inoculated animals (sentinel, n = 16) to mimic the route of natural infection. After 35 days of trial, all animals were colonized with both E. coli strains. Given the low colonization dosage and the low seeder/sentinel ratio, the rapid spread of ESBL- and AmpC- producing Enterobacteriaceae in conventional broiler farms currently seems inevitably resulting in an urgent need for the development of intervention strategies to reduce colonization of broilers during production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Dose Colonization of Broiler Chickens With ESBL-/AmpC- Producing Escherichia coli in a Seeder-Bird Model Independent of Antimicrobial Selection Pressure

et al. 2019

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“…S . Enteritidis‐infected chickens fed on finely milled diets mixed with whole wheat grains cleared bacteria from caecal contents and liver at a higher rate and had lower cloacal swab recovery than chickens fed with fine or coarse ground feeds under experimental conditions (Ratert, Sander, Verspohl, Beyerbach, & Kamphues, ). Inclusion of various chemical additives in poultry feeds reduces Salmonella in gastrointestinal tract and extra‐gastrointestinal organ colonization and faecal shedding in chickens (Adhikari et al, ; Adhikari, Cosby, Cox, & Kim, ; Rattanawut, Todsadee, & Yamauchi, ).…”

Section: Salmonella Colonization and Shedding In Birdsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Infection, colonization and shedding of Campylobacter and Salmonella in animals and their contribution to human disease: A review

Rukambile

Sintchenko

Muscatello

et al. 2019

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Livestock meat and offal contribute significantly to human nutrition as sources of high‐quality protein and micronutrients. Livestock products are increasingly in demand, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income settings where economies are growing and meat is increasingly seen as an affordable and desirable food item. Demand is also driving intensification of livestock keeping and processing. An unintended consequence of intensification is increased exposure to zoonotic agents, and a contemporary emerging problem is infection with Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. from livestock (avian and mammalian), which can lead to disease, malabsorption and undernutrition through acute and chronic diarrhoea. This can occur at the farm, in households or through the food chain. Direct infection occurs when handling livestock and through bacteria shed into the environment, on food preparation surfaces or around the house and surroundings. This manuscript critically reviews Campylobacter and Salmonella infections in animals, examines the factors affecting colonization and faecal shedding of bacteria of these two genera as well as risk factors for human acquisition of the infection from infected animals or environment and analyses priority areas for preventive actions with a focus on resource‐poor settings.

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“…Dietary inclusion of whole wheat or coarsely ground grains demonstrated a decrease in the intestine colonisation with Salmonella in broilers [23,24]. Similarly, Ratert et al [25] showed a significant reduction of S. Enteritidis in the caecal content of broilers offered a pelleted diet containing 22% intact whole wheat (geometric mean diameter 422 µm) compared with groups fed finely ground pelleted diets (geometric mean diameter 300 µm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Mitigating the Spread and Translocation of Salmonella Enteritidis in Experimentally Infected Broilers under the Influence of Different Flooring Housing Systems and Feed Particle Sizes

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to evaluate the influences of different flooring designs and feed particle sizes on the spread of Salmonella (S.) in broiler chickens. Birds (n = 480) were allocated to four different housing systems (fully littered with and without floor heating, partially and fully slatted flooring with sand bath) and two dietary treatments (finely and coarsely ground diets) in 24 boxes. Two broilers per box were experimentally infected with S. Enteritidis (8.00 log10 CFU/bird) at d 17. Salmonella prevalence in caecal contents and the liver was highest in broilers housed on fully slatted floor until d 36/37 (88.1% and 91.5%, respectively), and lowest in litter flooring (caecal content 64.4%) and litter flooring with floor heating (liver 61.7%). In turn, broilers on littered flooring expressed the lowest Salmonella counts in caecal content at d 36/37 (2.21 ± 1.75 log10 CFU/g), partial slatted flooring the highest (3.76 ± 1.46 log10 CFU/g). The mean Salmonella count in the caecal content was significantly lower for birds fed a coarsely ground diet (0.96 and 1.94 log10 CFU/g) than a finely ground diet (5.07 and 3.34 log10 CFU/g) at d 23 and d 36/37, respectively (p < 0.0001). Slatted flooring with a sand bath did not show advantages in terms of Salmonella reduction, whereas the coarsely ground diet markedly reduced the spread of Salmonella.

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Effects of the Physical Form of Diet on the Outcome of an ArtificialSalmonellaInfection in Broilers

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Low Dose Colonization of Broiler Chickens With ESBL-/AmpC- Producing Escherichia coli in a Seeder-Bird Model Independent of Antimicrobial Selection Pressure

Low Dose Colonization of Broiler Chickens With ESBL-/AmpC- Producing Escherichia coli in a Seeder-Bird Model Independent of Antimicrobial Selection Pressure

Infection, colonization and shedding of Campylobacter and Salmonella in animals and their contribution to human disease: A review

Mitigating the Spread and Translocation of Salmonella Enteritidis in Experimentally Infected Broilers under the Influence of Different Flooring Housing Systems and Feed Particle Sizes

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