Effects of three management strategies on the seedbank, emergence and the need for hand weeding in an organic arable cropping system

Riemens, M.M.; Groeneveld, R.M.W.; Lotz, L.A.P.; Kropff, M.J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2007.00582.x

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In this context, experts explained that management practices such as zero-seed rain can have a measurable impact on weed densities over a short-time frame 4 . Farmers also stated that seed survival varies with soil depth (eight farmers, 8% seedbank belief codes).…”

Section: Knowledge Learning and Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Mental models of organic weed management: Comparison of New England US farmer and expert models

Jabbour

Zwickle

Gallandt

et al. 2013

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

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Weeds are a major challenge for organic farmers, yet we know little about the factors influencing organic farmers' weed management decisions. We hypothesized that farmers and scientist 'experts' differ in fundamental areas of knowledge and perceptions regarding weeds and weed management. Moreover, these differences prevent effective communication, outreach programming and research prioritization. An expert mental model, constructed primarily from interviews with research scientists and extension professionals, revealed expert emphasis on knowledge of ecological weed management as crucial for successfully implementing such strategies. We interviewed 23 organic farmers in northern New England, yielding an aggregate farmer mental model to compare with the expert model. Farmers demonstrated knowledge of the major concepts discussed by experts, but differed in emphasis. Farmers placed less emphasis on ecological complexity than experts. One-third of farmers interviewed discussed the potential role of weeds as indicators of soil nutrient status, a concept of which experts were skeptical. Farmer beliefs about the weed seedbank highlighted potential misconceptions regarding seed persistence, with one-fourth of farmers focusing on the concept that seeds can live for an exceptionally long time in the soil, while experts focused on the concept of the seed half-life. Farmers emphasized the role of experience, both their own and that of other farmers, rather than knowledge derived from scientific research. Farmers considered yield and the cost of time and labor as equally at risk because of weeds, whereas experts predominantly discussed yield loss. During discussions of management, both farmers and experts most emphasized risks associated with cultivation and benefits associated with cover cropping. These results have prompted us, first, to develop new educational materials focused on weed seed longevity and management of the weed seedbank, and, second, to conduct regional focus groups with farmers who prioritize fertility management in their efforts to control weeds, especially manipulations of soil calcium and magnesium.

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Section: Knowledge Learning and Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Mental models of organic weed management: Comparison of New England US farmer and expert models

Jabbour

Zwickle

Gallandt

et al. 2013

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

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“…Depletion of the seedbank is critically important in overcoming yearly weed infestations (Aldrich, 1984). Besides preventing seed return, successful management systems should increase seed mortality and manipulate weed germination and emergence (Riemens et al. , 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed seedbank responses to 12 years of applications of composts, animal slurries or mineral fertilisers

et al. 2010

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De Cauwer B, Van Den Berge K, Cougnon M, Bulcke R & Reheul D (2010). Weed seedbank responses to 12 years of applications of composts, animal slurries or mineral fertilisers. Weed Research50, 425–435. Summary Fertiliser amendments can impact weed populations in a variety of ways. This study evaluated the effects of 12‐year‐long applications of different fertilisation systems on size and composition of the weed seedbank in a conventionally managed maize monoculture field. Fertilisation systems included all factorial combinations of two dairy cattle slurry rates, three vegetable, fruit and garden waste compost rates, and three synthetic N fertiliser rates. Soil samples were taken in each subplot in May 2008 after sowing and prior to herbicide application. Residues recovered from soil samples were tested for weed seedling emergence to characterise soil seedbanks. Total weed seedbank density was affected by mineral N fertilisation, but not by compost or animal slurry application. Weed seedbank composition was related to compost amendment and mineral N fertilisation. Annual compost amendments reduced seedbank density of some persistent species (e.g., Chenopodium album and Solanum nigrum) irrespective of mineral N fertilisation. Compost is a promising tool for incorporation into integrated weed control strategies aimed at reducing weed seedbank persistence.

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“…In the absence of chemical suppressants, organic farmers often utilize increased tillage and cultivation as one method of weed control. However, mechanical weed control is usually not sufficient to reduce weed populations to levels below the economic threshold [5]. In addition, intensive soil disturbance can accelerate loss of soil organic matter, destroy soil aggregates and increase soil erosion [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variation and Phenotypic Response of 15 Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrids to Population Density

Shelton

Tracy

2013

Sustainability

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Abstract:Planting sweet corn at higher densities may increase the canopy cover, reducing light transmission to the understory and suppressing weed growth. High planting densities can also negatively impact the crop, however, by decreasing ear size and overall yield. The objective of this study was to determine the potential for increased density tolerance of 15 sweet corn hybrids by estimating the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for traits of interest. In 2010 and 2011, a half-diallel of six historic sweet corn inbreds was evaluated in a split-block randomized complete block design in four Wisconsin environments, with four replicates in each environment. Hybrids were planted at a low density of 29,936 plants ha −1 , a medium density of 63,615 plants ha −1 , and a high density of 97,293 plants ha −1 . Significant differences between hybrids were found for phenomorphological traits and ear characteristics. Inbreds C68, C40 and Ia5125 produced the progeny most tolerant of the highest population density. Among these genotypes, tolerance to high density is a heritable trait, indicating the feasibility of breeding sweet corn for density tolerance and potential weed competitiveness.

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Effects of three management strategies on the seedbank, emergence and the need for hand weeding in an organic arable cropping system

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Mental models of organic weed management: Comparison of New England US farmer and expert models

Mental models of organic weed management: Comparison of New England US farmer and expert models

Weed seedbank responses to 12 years of applications of composts, animal slurries or mineral fertilisers

Genetic Variation and Phenotypic Response of 15 Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrids to Population Density

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