Effects of Time and Movements of the Preshot Routine on Free Throw Shooting

Mack, Mick G.

doi:10.2466/pms.93.5.567-573

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…This suggested that participants with a higher accuracy showed smaller movement variability. Some previous studies reported the importance of the pre-shot routine [2][3][4][5] . Lobmeyer & Wasserman 2) and Gayton and colleagues 3) demonstrated that freethrow accuracy was higher in trials with a regular pre-shot routine than in trials without this routine.…”

Section: Kinematic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The free-throw shoot differs from other shots, such as 2-point, 3-point, and jumping shots, because players can take more time (five seconds), and can shoot with no pressure from opponent players. Many studies have reported factors affecting the accuracy of the free-throw, such as grip strength 1) , the pre-shot routine [2][3][4][5] , ball trajectory [6][7] , back spin 8) , quiet eye [9][10] , heart rate 11) , height of the release ratio, the center of gravity 12) , brain activity 13) , sleep time 14) , wrist-joint position sense 15) , kinematics of the shoulder angle 16) , elbow-wrist coupling 17) , and the kinematic chain 18) . However, these studies each focused on a singular factor at a time rather than multiple factors simultaneously in their effects on free-throw accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…routine timing), which was recorded with a high-speed camera. Some previous studies reported the importance of the pre-shot routine [2][3][4][5] . However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined the relationship between *Correspondence: hiroki-nakata@cc.nara-wu.ac.jp free-throw accuracy and detailed free-throw motion such as the timing of each phase and variability during the routine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between basketball free-throw accuracy and other performance variables among collegiate female players

Ogawa

Hoshino

Fujiwara

et al. 2019

JPFSM

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We investigated the relationship between basketball free-throw accuracy and anthropometry, physical fitness tests, and performance variables among 16 collegiate female basketball players. Each participant performed 20 basketball free throws. Anthropometric measures were height and weight; physical fitness tests were sit-and-reach, back strength, and grip strengths; other basketball performance variables were the phases of the pre-shoot routine: (a) time taken, (b) minimum angle when taking the ball back, (c) angle at ball release, (d) angular displacement during the forward arm swing, and (e) angular velocity at ball release on the elbow, shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle. We analyzed the correlation between free-throw accuracy and data on anthropometry and physical fitness, the time period and variability of the pre-shot routine, and kinematic data. There were negative correlations between free-throw accuracy and mean preshot time, and variability of the pre-shot time, indicating that participants with a shorter and less variable pre-shot time showed a higher free-throw accuracy. Angular displacement of the shoulder during the forward swing and angular velocity of the knee at ball release showed positive correlations with free-throw accuracy. There was also a negative correlation between freethrow accuracy and variability of angular displacement during the forward swing at the elbow, indicating that participants with smaller variability of angular displacement of the elbow showed higher free-throw accuracy. Some performance variables, including routine duration, angular displacement of the shoulder and elbow, and angular velocity of the knee, were related to freethrow accuracy.

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Section: Kinematic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Relationship between basketball free-throw accuracy and other performance variables among collegiate female players

Ogawa

Hoshino

Fujiwara

et al. 2019

JPFSM

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“…Segons Ajamil, Pascual, Idiakez i Echevarría (2011) es pot definir una rutina prèvia com un comportament predictible, consistentment realitzat abans de l'execució d'un gest esportiu concret que, generalment, engloba accions, imatges i pensaments per a millorar la concentració (Crews i Boutcher, 1986;Gayton, Cielinski, Francis-Keniston i Hearns, 1989;Mack, 2001).…”

Section: Rutina Gestual Prèvia Al Tir Lliure Duració Temporal De La unclassified

“…Com ja hem vist prèviament, hi ha molts estudis que demostren l'eficàcia d'aquest tipus de rutines i altres estratègies psicològiques per a millorar el rendiment en el llançament de llançaments lliures (Larumbe, 2001;Lidor, Arnon i Bronstein, 1999;Mack, 2001). Llavors, vejam més característiques sobre aquests procediments que ens servisquen d'utilitat per a poder realitzar una aplicació pràctica aposteriori.…”

Section: Rutina Gestual Prèvia Al Tir Lliure Duració Temporal De La unclassified

Rutines gestuals i estratègies psicològiques per la millora del rendiment dels llançaments lliures de bàsquet

Roger¹

2019

Anuari de Psicologia

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ResumL'objectiu de la present revisió bibliogràfica ha sigut recollir la màxima informació possible sobre les diferents investigacions que s'han realitzat fins al moment amb la finalitat d'estudiar o desenvolupar procediments previs al llançament de llançaments lliures per a poder millorar el rendiment d'aquests. En aquest cas, la recerca s'ha centrat a conéixer i desengranar els detalls de les diferents rutines gestuals i altres estratègies psicològiques posades a prova per tots els autors revisats. A partir dels resultats obtinguts, s'ha desenvolupat un recull selectiu de la informació més aclaridora i s'han remarcat els procediments considerats més importants recolzant-se en el treball dels diferents autors. Finalment, i partint de tota la informació recopilada, s'ha proposat un procediment d'entrenament «ideal» i s'han recomanat diferents formes d'aplicació, a través de les quals poder desenvolupar aquests procediments de la millor forma possible i amb la finalitat que hi haja la millor transferència possible al moment de la competició. ResumenEl objetivo de la presente revisión bibliográfica ha sido recoger la máxima información posible sobre las diferentes investigaciones que se han realizado hasta el momento con el fin de estudiar o desarrollar procedimientos previos al lanzamiento de tiros libres para poder mejorar el rendimiento de los mismos. En este caso, la investigación se ha centrado en conocer y desengranar los detalles de las diferentes rutinas gestuales y otras estrategias psicológicas puestas a prueba por todos los autores revisados. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se ha desarrollado una recopilación selectiva de la información más esclarecedora y se han remarcado los procedimientos considerados más importantes apoyándose en el trabajo de los diferentes autores. Finalmente, y basándose en toda la información recopilada, se ha propuesto un procedimiento de entrenamiento «ideal» y se han recomendado diferentes formas de aplicación, a través de las cuales poder desarrollar estos procedimientos de la mejor forma posible y con el objetivo final de que haya la mejor transferencia posible al momento de la competición.Palabras clave: Estrategia psicológica, porcentaje, psicología deportiva, rutina gestual, tiros libres. AbstractThe main goal of this review paper is to put together as much information as possible and present all the research done so far into the study and development of the free throw action. The research has been focused on the different gestural routines and other psychological strategies acknowledged in previous researches. After a thorough data analysis process Ii was able to pin point specific successful studies and theories. This allowed us to configure an ideal training procedure with variable options of application that possibly transfers the techniques. Resulting in a considerable improvement in the free throw action on a competing level.

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Podcasting Mental Images: Technological Application Of Sport Imagery

Darling

Edwards

2009

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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The purpose of this study was to determine if podcasting can significantly increase FT shooting performance among high school basketball players. METHODS: The sample for the study included 36 (12 male, 24 female) Oklahoma high school basketball players. Subjects were assigned into four groups (script, computer, iPod, control group) and were tested in three phases (pretest, treatment, posttest). The treatment phase consisted of imagery training (via podcasting) and FT shooting for six weeks. RESULTS: A total of 200 FT shots for the experimental groups was analyzed and compared to a total of 50 FT shots for the control group. Surprisingly, there were no significant group differences found among the experimental groups at any of the six testing sessions. However, a comparison of group means and the grand mean for the six testing sessions did indicate that the iPod group (18.1) performed higher than the computer group (16.7) and the script group (16.2). Also, a one-way ANOVA of the posttest indicated that there were significant group mean differences [F (3, 32) = 3.221, p < .05, w = .40]. A Tukey post hoc test indicated that the true source of the significant group difference was between the iPod group and the control group. A comparison of posttest group means indicated that the iPod group (21.0) was the top performer, followed by the computer group (18.6), the script group (17.1), and the control group (15.8). Overall, the script group had the highest improvement (+ 3.8) and the control group had the lowest improvement (+ 0.7). CONCLUSION: Podcasting is a valid technological application of sport imagery that can improve FT shooting performance among high school basketball players. Podcasting is recommended as an adjunct to mental and physical training that can benefit sport psychologists, the coaching staff, and most importantly the athletes.

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Effects of Time and Movements of the Preshot Routine on Free Throw Shooting

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Relationship between basketball free-throw accuracy and other performance variables among collegiate female players

Relationship between basketball free-throw accuracy and other performance variables among collegiate female players

Rutines gestuals i estratègies psicològiques per la millora del rendiment dels llançaments lliures de bàsquet

Podcasting Mental Images: Technological Application Of Sport Imagery

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