Effects of two different dietary sources of long chain omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids on incorporation into the plasma, red blood cell, and skeletal muscle in horses2

Hess, T. M.; Rexford, J. K.; Hansen, D. K.; Harris, M.; Schauermann, N.; Ross, T.; Engle, T. E.; Allen, Katie; Mulligan, C. M.

doi:10.2527/jas.2012-4412

Cited by 10 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Zootec., 43(12): [677][678][679][680][681][682][683]2014 EPA and DHA may be indicated when increased incorporation of these n-3 fatty acids to muscle and red blood cells is desired. Conversion of ALA from flaxseed and forages to EPA and DHA occurs in the skeletal muscle, as seen in this study (Hess et al, 2012) by the detection of these fatty acids in equine muscles at baseline. Supplementation with ALA through flaxseed lead to higher incorporation of muscle n-3 DPA, a derivate of EPA, compared to MARINE supplementation.…”

Section: Specific Horse Studiessupporting

confidence: 65%

“…In a related study in our laboratory (Hess et al, 2012) in order to compare different sources of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementations on plasma, red blood cell and skeletal muscle fatty acid compositions in horses, three (alfalfa/bromegrass) hay and barley diets were fed: one was supplemented with an algae and fish oil containing DHA and EPA (MARINE; Magnitude; JBS United, Sheridan, IN); another group was supplemented with the same amount of ALA in flaxseed (FLAX) as FLAX, and a third group (control; CON) was fed hay and barley to make all diets have the same calorie amount. Treatments were supplemented for 90 d. Blood samples and muscle middle gluteal biopsies were collected on d 0, 30, 60, and 90 of supplementation.…”

Section: Specific Horse Studiesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Direct supplementation of EPA and DHA through a marine source increased PUFA concentrations in the plasma, red blood cell and muscle tissue of equines (Hess et al, 2012). Although present in muscle tissue at baseline, EPA and DHA increased in horses supplemented with a marine source containing these specific fatty acids.…”

Section: Specific Horse Studiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Skeletal muscle characteristics (i.e., fatty acid profile) have some genetic influence (Baur et al, 1999) but diet and physical activity also influence skeletal muscle fatty acid profile in rats, humans, and horses (Ayre et al, 1996;Andersson et al, 2000;Hess et al, 2012).…”

Section: N-3 Pufa Supplementation and Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effects of two different dietary sources of n-3 PUFA on incorporation into the plasma, red blood cell, and skeletal muscle in horses (Hess et al, 2012) In humans, the PUFA DHA and EPA need to be supplemented in order for them to be incorporated into tissues. There is limited conversion of ALA to DHA in humans (Burdge et al, 2001;Arterburn et al, 2006).…”

Section: Specific Horse Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in horses

Hess

Ross-Jones

2014

R. Bras. Zootec.

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-Polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are a family of essential fatty acids with many biological activities. These fatty acids are incorporated into cell membranes, changing their structural and functional characteristics. N-3 PUFA can act by modulating inflammatory responses at different levels. Omega-3 PUFA can be converted in the body to longer-chain n-3 PUFA at a limited rate and are differently converted in body systems. It appears that when specific longerchain n-3 PUFA are desired these need to be supplemented directly in the diet. In different species some evidence indicates a potential effect on improving insulin sensitivity. Recently, a novel class of n-3 PUFA-derived anti-inflammatory mediators have been recognized, termed E-series and D-series resolvins, formed from EPA and DHA, respectively. N-3 PUFA derived resolvins and protectins are heavily involved in the resolution of inflammation. Supplementation with n-3 fatty acids in horses may help manage chronic inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis, equine metabolic syndrome, laminitis, and thereby help to improve longevity of sport horse.

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Section: Specific Horse Studiessupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Specific Horse Studiesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Specific Horse Studiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: N-3 Pufa Supplementation and Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Specific Horse Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in horses

Hess

Ross-Jones

2014

R. Bras. Zootec.

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Enhanced omega‐3 index after long‐ versus short‐chain omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation in dogs

Dominguez

Kaur

Burri

2020

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background The Omega‐3 Index is a test that measures the amount of the long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in red blood cell membranes, which is expressed as a percentage of all fatty acids. However, alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) from flaxseed oil, which is a short‐chain n‐3 PUFA, is often promoted in pet feed as a n‐3 source, implicitly assuming it is an effective precursor of EPA and DHA. Objective This study was aimed to compare the effect of supplementation with a plant‐based short‐chain n‐3 PUFA source (flaxseed oil, FSO) with a marine long‐chain n‐3 PUFA source (astaxanthin krill oil, AKO) to increase the Omega‐3 Index in dogs. Methods Ten adult Alaskan Huskies of both genders were supplemented daily with 1,155 mg of EPA/DHA from AKO, whereas another 10 dogs received 1,068 mg ALA from flaxseed oil for 6 weeks. Fatty acid and Omega‐3 Index measurements of the two groups were taken after 0, 3 and 6 weeks for comparison. Results The EPA and DHA concentrations increased significantly only in the dogs fed with AKO resulting in a significant increase in mean Omega‐3 Index, from 1.68% at baseline to 2.7% after 6 weeks of supplementation (p < .0001). On the contrary, both EPA and DHA concentrations decreased significantly in the dogs fed with FSO, which led to a significant decrease in mean Omega‐3 Index from 1.6% at baseline to 0.96% at study end (p < .0001). Conclusions The results showed that supplementation of AKO from Antarctic krill led to a significant increase in the Omega‐3 Index in comparison to FSO in dogs. This suggests that preformed marine EPA and DHA sources are needed in dog feeds, as the dietary requirements proposed by feed industry organizations are not met with conversion from short‐chain n‐3 fatty acids.

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