Effects of two litter amendments on air NH3 levels in broiler closed-houses

Abstract

ObjectiveHigh NH3 emissions from poultry houses are reported to have negative impacts on health, welfare and safety of birds and humans, and on the environment. Objective of the present study was to determine the effects of two litter amendments on the NH3 levels in broiler closed houses under hot-humid conditions.MethodsGiving a completely randomize design, nine closed houses, each housed 32,500 birds on paddy husk litter, were randomly allocated into two treatment (Mizuho; a bacterial culture mix and Rydall OE; an enzymatic biocatalyst) and control groups. NH3 levels were determined thrice a day (0600, 1200, and 1800 h), at three heights from the litter surface (30, 90, and 150 cm), at 20 predetermined locations of a house, from day 1 to 41.ResultsRydall significantly reduced the NH3 level compared to control and Mizuho. NH3 levels at 30 cm were significantly higher than that of 90 and 150 cm. The NH3 levels at 30 cm height were higher than 25 ppm level from day 9, 11, and 13 in Mizuho, control, and Rydall groups, respectively to day 41. NH3 levels at 150 cm height were higher than maximum threshold limit of 50 ppm for human exposure from day 12, 14, and 15 in Mizuho, control, and Rydall groups, respectively to day 33. Being significantly different among each other, the NH3 level was highest and lowest at 0600 and 1800 h. Litter amendments had no significant effects on growth performance. Rydall significantly increased the litter N content on day 24.ConclusionIt was concluded that the NH3 levels of closed house broiler production facilities under tropical condition are so high that both birds and workers are exposed to above recommended levels during many days of the growing period. Compared to microbial culture, the enzymatic biocatalyst was found to be more effective in reducing NH3 level.

An assessment of the impacts of litter treatments on the litter quality and broiler performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…One of the litter treatments still not widespread is the use of enzymatic biocatalyst. Results indicate that the performance was not affected with Rydall (enzyme biocatalyst) and Myzuho (bacterial culture) [30]. The authors attribute this result to the fact that the magnitude of the reduction in the level of ammonia in the Rydall group was only 12.5% compared to the control and, therefore, may not have been strong enough to evoke a positive response in birds.…”

“…Some litter treatments did not have more than one published article so they were excluded from the meta-analysis, namely: enzymatic biocatalyst (Rydall) and bacterial culture (Mizuho) [30]; Yucca Shidigera extract [31]; non-absorbent polymers [32] and biodegradable treatment [33]. Table 1 Shows the characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis.…”

Pengaruh daur ulang litter terhadap kualitas litter dan udara dalam pemeliharaan broiler

“…Emisi amonia dari usaha peternakan selama ini menjadi perhatian yang serius karena dampak negatifnya terhadap lingkungan, kesehatan hewan dan keselamatan orang yang bekerja di peternakan [2]. Kadar amonia yang tinggi dalam kandang akan berpengaruh buruk terhadap performa, efisiensi pakan dan kesejahteraan hewan [14].…”

“…Conclusions: In conclusion, litter and air quality were not affected by reusing litter. [2]. Salah satu jenis limbah yang dihasilkan yaitu litter bekas pemeliharaan.…”

Effectiveness of poultry litter amendments on bacterial survival and Eimeria oocyst sporulation

“…Chemical litter amendments have numerous benefits as lowering litter pH, prevent transformation of nitrogen into ammonia [ 10 ], reduce moisture percentage, absorb odors [ 11 ], enhance litter chemical composition, and inhibit enzymatic production and microbial growth. Proper broilers’ farm preparation, chemical litter amendment correct application, and litter management are proper influences which have to be fulfilled to obtain maximum effectiveness.…”