Effects of tyramine on a spinal reflex in the anaesthetised chick

Bowman, W. C.; Callingham, B. A.; Osuide, G.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1964.tb07505.x

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Bowman and et al (1964) found that strychnine was more active, the younger the chick, i.e. the smallest effective dose in a 1-day-old chick was about 1-2 u,g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The effect of strychnine in both anesthetized and intact conscious young chickens and spinal reflexes has been studied in detail (Bowman et al, 1964;Osuide, 1968Osuide, , 1972. Bowman and et al (1964) found that strychnine was more active, the younger the chick, i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the electroencephalogram (EEG) and behavioral effects of centrally active pharmacological drugs were extensively studied in conscious young chicks (Spooner, 1964;Spooner and Winters, (1966); Bowman et al, 1964;Osuide, 1968Osuide, , 1972. Spooner and Winters (1966) concluded that the majority of neuropharmacological responses of the young chicken are similar to those of higher vertebrates with a few exceptions, and they pointed out that one of the few differences in drugs responses between avian and mammalian species is the absence of systemically induced strychnine spikes in the EEG of cerebral hemisphere of the young chicken.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Intravenously Administered Strychnine on the Wulst EEG of Conscious Adult Chickens

Ookawa

1973

Poultry Science

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The influence of strychnine on behavior and on the Wulst EGG has been studied in conscious adult hens. Marked changes in behavior were not induced by 0.1 mg./kg. strychnine, but convulsions were produced by 0.5-5 mg./kg. strychnine in the adult hen. This demonstrated that threshold spiking in the EEG was shown with 1 mg./kg. intravenous dose of strychnine, and that strychnine spikes with large amplitude (1-2 mV.) could be induced by 2-5 mg./kg. intravenous doses of strychnine in conscious restrained hens as well as curarized adults. The present experiment indicated that the complete administration of high doses of strychnine into the blood stream is important for eliciting spikes in both conscious and curarized birds, and that artificial respiration is likewise important for the demonstration of strychnine spikes in the EEG of conscious hens.

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“…Bowman and et al (1964) found that strychnine was more active, the younger the chick, i.e. the smallest effective dose in a 1-day-old chick was about 1-2 u,g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Intravenously Administered Strychnine on the Wulst EEG of Conscious Adult Chickens

Ookawa

1973

Poultry Science

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“…Bowman et al (1964) showed that strychnine was the more active, the younger the chicken: the smallest effective dose of strychnine was about 1-2 /ig. intravenously in 1-day-old chickens, while 15-20 /Jig.…”

Section: B Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

Behavioral and Electroencephalographic Manifestations of Avian Epilepsy: A Review of the Literature

Ookawa

1977

Poultry Science

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Recently, electrophysiological studies on sleep and wakefulness in birds have yielded useful results. Furthermore, recent evidence obtained in behavioral and electroencephalographical investigations of epileptic birds, induced neuropharmacologically or genetically, have led to recognition of the fact that epileptic seizures are present in aves, and that these seizures reveal many similarities between mammalian and avian epilepsy. While the investigation of birds is of obvrious value for demonstrating the neuropharmacological interrelationship with the brain, comparison of the correlation between abnormal behavior and the electroencephalogram in birds and higher vertebrates requires further research. In the present paper, normal and abnormal electroencephalographic activity associated with behavior of birds is reviewed. It was concluded that birds provide a useful preparation for studying experimental epilepsy.

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“…Maximal twitches Twitches of the gastrocnemius or tibialis interior were elicited at a frequency of 01 Hz by stimulation of the peripheral portion of the severed ipsilateral sciatic nerve with rectangular shocks of 01 ms duration and of about twice the strength required to evoke a maximal twitch (Bowman et al, 1964).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological properties of amino‐oxyacetic acid in the chicken

Osuide

1972

British J Pharmacology

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Summary1. The effects of amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA) on the central nervous system and on skeletal muscle have been examined in the chicken. 2. AOAA had both anticonvulsant and convulsant effects, depending on the dose, as in other species. 3. The convulsant effect, accompanied by EEG spiking, decreased rapidly with increase in age of young chicks. 4. The convulsant effect was exerted primarily through supraspinal centres.5. Of control depressants tested, only troxidone and small doses of AOAA afforded significant protection against AOAA seizures.

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Effects of tyramine on a spinal reflex in the anaesthetised chick

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of Intravenously Administered Strychnine on the Wulst EEG of Conscious Adult Chickens

Effect of Intravenously Administered Strychnine on the Wulst EEG of Conscious Adult Chickens

Behavioral and Electroencephalographic Manifestations of Avian Epilepsy: A Review of the Literature

Pharmacological properties of amino‐oxyacetic acid in the chicken

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