Effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy on maternal, birth, child health and development outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review

Keats, Emily C; Oh, Christina; Chau, Tamara; Khalifa, Dina; Imdad, Aamer; Bhutta, Zulfiqar Ahmed

doi:10.1002/cl2.1127

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 494 publications

(1,612 reference statements)

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“…Vitamin D was also correlated with an increase in caesarean section at delivery, across races (Keats et al, 2021). Such evidence gives an indication that Vitamin D is not reducible to black skin formation.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 76%

A Review of Black Skin Research: Gloger Rule/Theory Dead or Alive?

Cibangu¹

2022

IJB

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Unlike various topics of human life that recurringly naggingly preoccupy scholars, black skin tends to be considered by prestigious biology and science publication outlets as a closed and disposed-of topic. The present paper is not one of experiment, but rather the paper is a long-due comprehensive review of black skin scholarship, using a dominant theory of this scholarship, and suggesting newer insights for future research. Known since Antiquity, black skin -- euphemistically called dark sin -- has become the topic of repeated public debate in recent decades. Part of the reason is that although race is believed to be scientifically nonexistent skin color is not. Meanwhile, among the theories explaining black skin, Gloger rule/theory stands out to be the most popular. While multitudes of reviews have examined Gloger theory, few have confronted the theory with the arguments of Gloger himself. This might be because Gloger writings remain untranslated and unknown to English readership. Although Gloger was an ornithologist by profession, his arguments had immense ramifications far beyond the study of birds. The present paper focused on the key arguments of Gloger to present a critical assessment of black skin materials. To this effect, a comprehensive, historical background of Gloger theory was used along with recent research to bring in sharper relief Gloger teachings about skin color. In light of Gloger critiques, it was determined that Gloger theory is no less than inadequate and so is the description of black skin as a product of natural selection. Taken-for-granted theories and resultant arguments of black skin were reversed and paths for future skin color work were proposed. Gloger arguments highlight variability among species and across latitudes.

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 76%

A Review of Black Skin Research: Gloger Rule/Theory Dead or Alive?

Cibangu¹

2022

IJB

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“…The conditional cash transfer Bolsa Famíliawhich led to reduction of poverty and reaching sustainable development goals, such as maternal mortalitywas terminated in 2021 after 18 years of existence (69) . Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy had no impact on maternal and child outcomes in low-and middle-income countries (70) , as well as in the postpartum (6) , which led to the discontinuation of the former Brazilian recommendation of vitamin A megadose (200 000 IU) supplementation in the immediate postpartum period for women living in risk areas (71) . Food security policies and nutrition education strategies targeted to priority groupsespecially during pregnancy and lactationshould be a priority in Brazil in order to improve vitamin A food sources availability and ingestion and reduce the burden of vitamin A deficiency in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in women of childbearing age in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ferreira

Silva

Oliveira³

et al. 2022

Br J Nutr

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Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient, especially for pregnant women. We aimed to assess the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in Brazilian women of childbearing age. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies that assessed vitamin A deficiency in women of childbearing age following the registered protocol (CRD42020171856). Independent peer researchers selected the studies retrieved from MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and other sources. Data from the eligible studies were extracted in pairs and assessed for methodological quality. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (<0.70 µmol/L or <0.20 µg/dL) and confidence interval (95%CI) was combined by meta-analysis, and heterogeneity was estimated by I2. Out of 3,610 screened records, 32 studies were included, which assessed 12,577 women from 1965 to 2017, mostly in maternity hospitals. Main limitations of studies were in sample frame (30/32) and sampling method (29/32). Deficiency occurred in 13% (95%CI: 9.4-17.2%; I²=97%) of all women, and was higher in pregnant women (16.1%; 95%CI: 5.6-30 .6%; I²=98%) than nonpregnant women (12.3%; 95%CI: 8.4-16.8%; I²=96%). The prevalence increased according to the decade, from 9.5% (95%CI: 1.9-21.6%; I²=98%) up to 1990, 10.8% (95%CI: 7.9-14.2%; I²=86%) in the 2000s, and 17.8% (95%CI: 8.7-29.0%; I²=98%) in the 2010s. Over 10% of Brazilian women in childbearing age were deficient in vitamin A. Higher prevalence was observed in pregnant women, and deficiency seemed to be increasing over the decades. Low representativeness of the studies, mainly based on convenience sampling that included pregnant, postpartum, lactating, and nonpregnant women, as well as high heterogeneity, limit the findings.

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“…Intervention approaches may impact factors that are proximal or distal on the causal pathway for malnutrition (UNICEF, 2020), and may impact one or many different nutritional‐related outcomes. Micronutrient interventions, such as supplementation and fortification, are intended to alter micronutrient intakes directly and there is strong evidence for efficacy of these interventions (Keats et al, 2021; Tam et al, 2020), though translating this to effectiveness at scale is a persistent challenge. On the other hand, multisectoral (or “nutrition‐sensitive”) interventions like agriculture or social protection programs have a complex theory of change.…”

Section: How Can Nutrition‐related Impact Investment Respond To Nutri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is investing in food small and medium enterprises a viable path to improved nutrition in Sub‐Saharan Africa? A multidisciplinary perspective

Chapple,

Reynolds,

Mude

et al. 2024

Applied Eco Perspectives Pol

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Through the perspectives of impact investors, and the nutrition community, this paper explores whether impact investment in food‐related small and medium enterprises (SMEs) creates a viable path to improved nutrition in Sub‐Saharan Africa. From the nutrition perspective, investment in food SMEs could help address coexisting multiple forms of malnutrition by shifting nutritional quality of available foods. From the investor perspective, attractiveness of investment in food SMEs depends on financial risks, how costs are passed on to consumers, and probability of impact. Clear nutritional objectives and investment criteria are needed, as well as research to maximize the potential of this innovative approach.

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Effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy on maternal, birth, child health and development outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review

Cited by 18 publications

References 494 publications

A Review of Black Skin Research: Gloger Rule/Theory Dead or Alive?

A Review of Black Skin Research: Gloger Rule/Theory Dead or Alive?

Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in women of childbearing age in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Is investing in food small and medium enterprises a viable path to improved nutrition in Sub‐Saharan Africa? A multidisciplinary perspective

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