SignificanceBiologists and social scientists have long tried to understand why some societies have more fluid and open interpersonal relationships—differences in relational mobility—and how those differences influence individual behaviors. We measure relational mobility in 39 societies and find that relationships are more stable and hard to form in east Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East, while they are more fluid in the West and Latin America. Results show that relationally mobile cultures tend to have higher interpersonal trust and intimacy. Exploring potential causes, we find greater environmental threats (like disease and warfare) and sedentary farming are associated with lower relational mobility. Our society-level index of relational mobility for 39 societies is a resource for future studies.

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A obesidade infantil tem crescido e está se tornando um dos maiores desafios de saúde pública no mundo. No Brasil, as estimativas recentes da obesidade infantil são limitadas. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise para estimar a prevalência da obesidade infantil em crianças brasileiras menores de 10 anos.

Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient, especially for pregnant women. We aimed to assess the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in Brazilian women of childbearing age. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of studies that assessed vitamin A deficiency in women of childbearing age following the registered protocol (CRD42020171856). Independent peer researchers selected the studies retrieved from MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and other sources. Data from the eligible studies were extracted in pairs and assessed for methodological quality. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (<0.70 µmol/L or <0.20 µg/dL) and confidence interval (95%CI) was combined by meta-analysis, and heterogeneity was estimated by I2. Out of 3,610 screened records, 32 studies were included, which assessed 12,577 women from 1965 to 2017, mostly in maternity hospitals. Main limitations of studies were in sample frame (30/32) and sampling method (29/32). Deficiency occurred in 13% (95%CI: 9.4-17.2%; I²=97%) of all women, and was higher in pregnant women (16.1%; 95%CI: 5.6-30 .6%; I²=98%) than nonpregnant women (12.3%; 95%CI: 8.4-16.8%; I²=96%). The prevalence increased according to the decade, from 9.5% (95%CI: 1.9-21.6%; I²=98%) up to 1990, 10.8% (95%CI: 7.9-14.2%; I²=86%) in the 2000s, and 17.8% (95%CI: 8.7-29.0%; I²=98%) in the 2010s. Over 10% of Brazilian women in childbearing age were deficient in vitamin A. Higher prevalence was observed in pregnant women, and deficiency seemed to be increasing over the decades. Low representativeness of the studies, mainly based on convenience sampling that included pregnant, postpartum, lactating, and nonpregnant women, as well as high heterogeneity, limit the findings.