Effects of vitamin E on endothelium-dependent coronary flow in hypercholesterolemic dogs

Jorge, Paulo Afonso Ribeiro; Osaki, Michiko R.; Almeida, Eros de; Neto, Luíz Credídio; Metze, Konradin

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(96)05892-3

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…More recently, it has been suggested that antioxidant substances are capable of reversing endothelial dysfunction caused by hypercholesterolemia [11–13] and also reduce the number of coronary events [14], although their use in medical practice still needs more conclusive information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Soy Lecithin Administration on Hypercholesterolemia

et al. 2010

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Recent studies suggest that lecithin-rich diet can modify cholesterol homeostasis and hepatic lipoprotein metabolism. Considering the phytotherapeutic impact of lecithin, this work hypothesizes that lecithin administration in hypercholesterolemic patients may reduce cholesterol concentrations by increasing biliary secretion. Total cholesterol and LDL were evaluated after soy lecithin administration in hypercholesterolemic patients. One soy lecithin capsule (500 mg/RP-Sherer) was administrated daily. One-two months before the treatment beginning, blood samples were collected for total lipids and cholesterol fractions analysis. The results showed a reduction of 40.66% and 42.00% in total cholesterol and of 42.05% and 56.15% in LDL cholesterol after treatment for one and two months, respectively. A significant reduction in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations was observed during the first month of treatment, suggesting that the administration of soy lecithin daily may be used as a supplemental treatment in hypercholesterolemia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Soy Lecithin Administration on Hypercholesterolemia

et al. 2010

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Lipids and endothelium‐dependent vasodilation—A review

Lind

2002

Lipids

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Studies using both in vitro and in vivo techniques have repeatedly shown that endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) is impaired in different forms of experimental as well as human hypercholesterolemia. Clearly this impaired EDV can be reversed by lowering cholesterol levels by diet or medical therapy. Competitive blocking of L-arginine, changes in nitric oxide synthase activity, increased release of endothelin-1, and inactivation of nitric oxide due to superoxide ions all contribute to the impairment in EDV during dyslipidemia. The oxidation of low density lipoprotein, with its compound lysophosphatidylcholine, plays a critical role in these events. However, data on the role of triglycerides and fat-rich meals regarding EDV are not so consistent as data for cholesterol, although a view that the compositions of individual fatty acids and antioxidants are of major importance is emerging. Thus, this review shows that while impaired EDV is a general feature of hypercholesterolemia, the mechanisms involved and the therapeutic opportunities available still have to be investigated. Furthermore, discrepancies regarding the role of triglycerides and fat content in food may be explained by divergent effects of different fatty acids on the endothelium.

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Lipids and the endothelium

Dart

Chin-Dusting

1999

Cardiovascular Research

111

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The normal endothelium is characterised by the production of a number of molecules which affect the contractile state of adjacent myocytes and the behavior of formed elements within the blood stream, and by the absence of cell surface adhesion molecules. In addition, endothelial cells are important modulators of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Whilst effects of lipids have been documented on many of these endothelial processes, there is particularly strong evidence for effects on the vasodilatation mediated by endothelium derived nitric oxide and on the interaction between leukocytes and the endothelial surface. Both LDL cholesterol and triglyceride rich lipoproteins impair endothelium dependent vasodilatation. The effects of LDL cholesterol are primarily evident for lipoprotein particles that have been oxidised with evidence for effects of specific constituents of oxidised LDL, such as lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). LDL effects have been demonstrated at numerous sites of the nitric oxide signaling pathway including receptor-G protein coupling, nitric oxide synthase and NO bioactivity, with evidence for enhanced superoxide formation and the consequent production of the less potent dilator peroxynitrite. The effects of lipids on endothelium dependent vasodilatation can be reversed not only by reducing the level of elevated lipids levels but also by provision of the NOS substrate, L-arginine and by the provision of antioxidants, although the mechanism for these effects are not fully elucidated. The adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelial surface is stimulated by low density and triglyceride rich lipoproteins. As with endothelium dependent vasodilatation, the effects of LDL cholesterol are primarily evident for low-density lipoprotein particles that have been oxidised, and many of the effects of oxidised LDL can be mimicked by LPC. HDL can overcome pro-adhesive effects of oxidised LDL. The effects of LDL on leukocyte adhesion are secondary to the expression of adhesion molecules on the luminal surfaces of endothelial cells. In addition to the likely deleterious effects of lipids on endothelium-mediated vasodilatation and leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction, lipids have been shown to affect a number of other endothelial processes and function. Thus, oxidised LDL affects endothelial ET1 and PGI2 release. Although effects have been shown on endothelial cell growth and apoptosis and on endothelial processes related to thrombosis and fibrinolysis, these effects have been less extensively studied than endothelial dependent vasodilatation and leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction. Many of the effects of elevated or modified low density and TG rich lipoproteins on endothelial cells and endothelial cell processes could be expected to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and therefore, to the association between lipids and atherosclerotic, particularly coronary, vascular disease. However, the extent to which "endothelial dysfunction" accounts for the known relationships between serum lipid concentrations and C...

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Effects of vitamin E on endothelium-dependent coronary flow in hypercholesterolemic dogs

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Influence of Soy Lecithin Administration on Hypercholesterolemia

Influence of Soy Lecithin Administration on Hypercholesterolemia

Lipids and endothelium‐dependent vasodilation—A review

Lipids and the endothelium

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