Effects of water and diet acidification with and without antibiotics on weanling pig growth and microbial shedding1,2

Abstract

Two 5-wk experiments were conducted to determine the effects of water and diet acidification with and without antibiotics on weanling pig growth performance and microbial shedding. In Exp. 1, 204 pigs (19.2 d of age) were used in a 3 x 2 factorial, with 3 dietary treatments fed with or without water acidification (2.58 mL/L of a propionic acid blend; KEM SAN, Kemin Americas, Des Moines, IA). Dietary treatments were: 1) control, 2) control + 55 ppm of carbadox (CB), and 3) dietary acid [DA; control + 0.4% organic acid-based blend (fumaric, lactate, citric, propionic, and benzoic acids; Kemin Americas)] on d 0 to 7 followed by 0.2% inorganic acid-based blend (phosphoric, fumaric, lactic, and citric acids; Kemin Americas) on d 7 to 34. In Exp. 2, 210 pigs (average 18.3 d of age) were fed 1 of 3 dietary treatments: 1) control, 2) control + 55 ppm of CB, and 3) control + 38.6 ppm of tiamulin + 441 ppm of chlortetracycline on d 0 to 7 followed by 110 ppm of chlortetracycline on d 7 to 35 (TC) with or without dietary acidification (same as Exp. 1) in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. For both experiments, the pigs were allotted based on genetics, sex, and initial BW [5.5 kg (Exp. 1) or 5.6 kg (Exp. 2)]. Pigs were housed at 6 or 7 (Exp. 1) and 7 (Exp. 2) pigs/pen. Treatments were fed in 3 phases: d 0 to 7, 7 to 21, and 21 to 35 (34 d, Exp. 1). Fecal grab samples were collected from 3 pigs/pen on d 6, 20, and 33 for measurement of pH and Escherichia coli. During phase 3 and overall in Exp. 1, pigs fed CB had greater (P< 0.001) ADG (overall ADG, 389 vs. 348, and 348 g/d, respectively), ADFI (P < 0.007, 608 vs. 559, and 554 g/d, respectively), and d 34 BW (P < 0.001, 18.8 vs. 17.3, and 17.3 kg, respectively) than pigs fed NC and DA. Phase 3 ADG was improved (P < 0.01) by water acidification across all diets. In Exp. 2, pigs fed CB and TC had greater ADG (P < 0.004; 315 and 303 vs. 270 g/d, respectively), ADFI (P < 0.01), and d 35 BW (P < 0.002; 16.7 and 16.2 vs. 15.1 kg, respectively) than pigs fed NC. There was a tendency (P < 0.08) for an improvement in ADG when DA was added to the NC or TC, but decreased ADG when DA was added to CB.

Analysis of the effect of dietary protected organic acid blend on lactating sows and their piglets

“…The addition of organic acids to pig diets has been examined for decades, clearly demonstrating to improve growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (Suryanarayana et al, 2012). Walsh et al (2007) demonstrated that addition of 0.4% organic acid blend (fumaric, lactic, propionic, citric, and benzoic acids) to the diets of nursery pigs resulted in better growth rate, feed intake, and feed efficiency compared with the control diet. In the present study, there was no significant difference in the pre-and post-farrowing body weight and weaning body weight of sows.…”

Aditivos fitogênicos e butirato de sódio como promotores de crescimento de leitões desmamados

“…Os dados do presente experimento estão de acordo com alguns trabalhos, em que a adição de extratos vegetais (Gardiner et al, 2008;Manzanilla et al, 2006) ou ácidos orgânicos (Biagi et al, 2006;Manzanilla et al, 2006;Omogbenigun et al, 2003;Silva, 2002;Walsh et al, 2007aWalsh et al, , 2007b qualquer efeito no pH do conteúdo do trato digestório ou das fezes dos animais. Por outro lado, alguns autores encontraram reduções no pH do conteúdo estomacal (Bolduan et al, 1988a(Bolduan et al, , 1988bRadcliffe et al, 1998;Risley et al, 1992;Tomlinson e Lawrence, 1981), do ceco (Braz, 2007) e do cólon (Manzanilla et al, 2004;Namkung et al, 2004) de animais que receberam ácidos orgânicos em suas dietas.…”

Effects of benzoic acid, essential oils andEnterococcus faeciumSF68 on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, faecal microbiota and faecal noxious gas emission in weanling pigs

“…As an organic acid, benzoic acid (BA) had strongest antimicrobial effect which may be of interest to reduce diarrhoea incidence of piglets after weaning (Knarreborg et al 2002;Walsh et al 2007). Previous studies have confirmed that inclusion of 0.5-1.0% BA could improve growth performance (Kluge et al 2006;Torrallardona et al 2007) and protein digestibility (Guggenbuhl et al 2007) in weanling pigs.…”