“…In China, TCM has been in practice for thousands of years in the treatment of CRF and has showed number of remarkable results (Lu et al, 2018; Mei, Yang, Wang, & Wang, 2021). Buxu Xiaozheng recipe is a TCM preparation developed by famous and experienced TCM doctors, which previously reported to delay renal interstitial fibrosis progression by modulating the levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease patients and rat mesangial cells (Ni, Zhong, & Cai, 2016; Zhong, Wei, & Xing, 2014). C. zedoaria , as the sovereign drug in Buxu Xiaozheng recipe, plays an essential role in the therapeutic effects, in which curcumenol, the major bioactive component in Buxu Xiaozheng recipe isolated from C. zedoaria , has been previously reported to possess neuroprotection, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐tumor effects (Lo, Kamarudin, Hamdi, Awang, & Kadir, 2015; Pintatum et al, 2020), and could be safely used in the assessment of potential pharmacokinetic drug interactions (Sun et al, 2010).…”