Effects of γ-irradiation and heat treatment on structural, spectral and optical parameters of pyronine G(Y) thin films

Radiation treatment of Cd 2 SnO 4 thin films prepared by RF sputtering with different preparation conditions

“…The increase of carriers localized state led to decrease in the transition probabilities into the extended state, thus reduce the band gap as reported previously in Ref. [28,29]. A linear relation of The charge carrier concentrations could be calculated using the band gap widening (∆Eg) formula given in Refs.…”

Structural and optical characterizations of pyronine B thin films and its photovoltaic applications

“…Moreover, the peak in the refractive index corresponds to the optical energy gap of PYR.B film. The determined refractive index of PYR.B thin film is compared to the published of other xanthenes dyes [46][47][48][49] and tabulated in Table 5. As observed, a high refractive index value as compared to the some xanthenes derivatives.…”

“…The determined energy gaps for PYR.B thin film are compared to the published for [49] other Xanthene dyes [46][47][48][49] as tabulated in Table 5. As observed, a common characteristic behavior for PYR.B and the most Xanthene dyes is the direct transitions [48,49], unlike the drop casting rhodamine B [46] and the thermally evaporated pyronine G material [49], where the transitions is an indirect allowed. The complex refractive indexñ = n + ik and dielectric function ε = ε 1 + iε 2 characterize the optical properties of any solid material.…”

Effect of γ-ray irradiation on structure formation and optical constants of thermally evaporated rhodamine B thin films

“…The influence of γ-irradiation on the optical properties of some organic thin films has been investigated in Refs. [15][16][17][18]. Gamma irradiation with doses up to 40 kGy increases the refractive index of CR-39 polymer and then it decreases with increasing dose to 600 kGy [15].…”

“…The refractive and absorption indices of CoPc films increase and energy gap decreases upon their exposure of γ-ray [17]. The molar extinction coefficient and optical energy gap of pyronine G(Y) thin films decrease by exposing films to γ-rays of 150 kGy [18].…”