Effects on food intake, rumen development and live weight of calves of replacing barley with sugar beet-citrus pulp in a starter diet

Abstract

Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0003356100028075How to cite this article: P. E. V. Williams, R. J. Fallon, G. M. Innes and P. Garthwaite (1987). Effects on food intake, rumen development and live weight of calves of replacing barley with sugar beet-citrus pulp in a starter diet. Animal Production, 44, pp 65-73 ABSTRACT In three experiments the effects of replacing barley with citrus or unmolassed beet pulp in starter diets for calves was examined. In experiment 1, 40 Friesian bull calves were offered to appetite from 14 to 91 days of age one of four complete pelleted diets, each of which contained 200 g ground straw per kg and in which the ratio of barley to pulp (citrus and beet pulp in the ratio 1:1) was 100:0 (A); 67:33 (B); 33:67 (C) and 0:100 (D). All diets contained 12-1 MJ metabolizable energy and 187 g crude protein per kg dry matter (DM). Milk replacer containing 200 g fat per kg was offered once daily (0-44 kg/day) until day 49 when the calves were abruptly weaned. Up to weaning (days 14 to 49) and after weaning (days 50 to 91) intake of DM was significantly increased by replacing barley with pulp (P < 0-05). Intakes (kg DM per day) of diets A, B, C and D were 0-31, 0-44, 0-51 and 0-50 before weaning and 2-07, 2-08, 2-23 and 2-38 after weaning. Weight gains (kg/day) of calves given pulp tended to be higher before weaning (0-44 v. 0-58 for A v. mean of B, C and D) but lower after weaning (0-73 v. 0-68) than of calves given the cereal-based diet. In experiment 2, 65 calves were given diets similar to A and C except that the pulp was supplied totally by unmolassed beet pulp, they were given only 0-35 kg milk replacer per day and weaned on day 35. The results were similar to those obtained in experiment 1; between days 14 to 84 intake was higher (P < 0-05) and there was a tendency for weight gain to be higher in calves given the diet containing pulp. The DM digestibility of the diets decreased significantly with inclusion of pulp (P < 0-05); digestibility of nitrogen was severely depressed but there was an increase in digestibility of acid-detergent fibre. Growth rate was possibly restricted by the availability of nitrogen in diets containing pulp. 65

The effects of physical form of feed, carbohydrate source, and inclusion of sodium bicarbonate on the diet selections of sheep.

“…Both high ED feeds ( B and S, defined below) were pelleted. Feed B included 64% ground barley (as-fed basis) as the main dietary carbohydrate; in feed S barley was partially replaced by plain sugar beet pulp ( SBF) , which is fermented more slowly than ground barley (Williams et al, 1987;Van Soest et al, 1991). It was expected that the ingredients used in feeds B and S would create different ruminal fermentation patterns (Sutton et al, 1986).…”

“…The second test was to evaluate the influence of the source of carbohydrate in a high ED feed on its selection by sheep, when offered as a choice with a low ED feed, and whether selection would be affected by supplementing the high ED feed with NaHCO 3 . Williams et al (1987) have shown that feeds with a high pectin content (sugar beet pulp, SBF) are consumed in greater quantities than those with a high starch content (barley), and it is presumed this is because feeds based on SBF are associated with a higher ruminal pH than those containing predominantly barley. It was expected that a greater quantity of high ED feed would be selected when it was based on a material such as SBF rather than barley, and that selection of the high ED feed in the chosen diet would increase with NaHCO 3 supplementation.…”

Clinical, blood gas and biochemical profile of diarrheic dairy calves fed starter concentrate containing citrus pulp as a replacement for corn

“…Indeed, Harris & Staples (1989) recommend up to 10% of total DM of citrus pulp for animals younger than 60 days. Williams et al (1987) reported an increase in starter intake and average daily gain of milk-fed calves receiving a mixture of citrus pulp and beet pulp instead of barley. Schalch et al (2001) found no differences among treatments for average daily gain, dry matter intake, feed conversion or rumen development when evaluated the replacing of corn grain with 0, 15, 30 or 45% citrus pulp in the starter of milk-fed calves.…”

Alterações metabólicas em bezerros leiteiros em função do manejo e do desaleitamento

“…Os teores da fração fibra recomendados pelo NRC (2001) Poucos trabalhos são encontrados na literatura avaliando a utilização de polpa cítrica no concentrado de bezerros em aleitamento (Williams et al, 1987, Schalch et al, 2001 Os animais foram pesados ao nascer e semanalmente, sempre antes do aleitamento da manhã, em balança mecânica (ICS-300, Coimma Ltda), até a décima semana de vida, quando se encerrou o período experimental. Foram mensuradas semanalmente, a altura na cernelha e largura da garupa, utilizandose régua com escala em centímetros; e perímetro torácico com fita flexível, também com escala em centímetros.…”