Effects on reproductive potential and endocrine status in the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) after exposure to 17α-ethynylestradiol in a short-term reproductive bioassay

Developmental exposure to the organophosphorus flame retardant tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate: Estrogenic activity, endocrine disruption and reproductive effects on zebrafish

“…These differences between studies may be associated with differences in the administrated dose of TDCPP, duration of exposure and the developmental stage of fish studied. Indeed, several previous studies have reported that endocrine disrupting chemicals with estrogenic activity (i.e., 2,4-dichlorophenol, fluorotelomer alcohols and di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate) or synthetic estrogens (i.e., 17␣-ethynylestradiol) modulate steroid sex hormones in fish in a gender-specific manner, which is consistent with our own data (Filby et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2009;Ma et al, 2012;Ye et al, 2014;Peters et al, 2007).…”

The effects of estrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruptors on the immune system of fish: a review

“…The ratio of E2/T regulates sexual differentiation in fish, therefore, a change in this ratio can lead to incomplete or inappropriate development of the gonad. In experimental studies, treatment with EDCs such as EE2, p 0 -DDT, tributyltin (TBT), or prochloraz caused a decline in circulating steroid hormone levels and/or had an effect on aromatase activity (Le Gac et al 2001;Peters et al 2007; Table 1). Moreover, other compounds like fenarimol, NP, and triphenyltin can affect the availability of active estradiol and testosterone by interfering with glucuronidation or sulfation enzymes (Thibaut and Porte 2004).…”

The effects of temperature and salinity on 17-α-ethynylestradiol uptake and its relationship to oxygen consumption in the model euryhaline teleost (Fundulus heteroclitus)

“…One such endocrine disrupting compound is the synthetic estrogen 17-␣-ethynylestradiol (EE2), which mimics the effects of the natural hormone 17-␤-estradiol (E2). EE2 is most commonly used in the female oral contraceptive pill and in hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women (Peters et al, 2007;Ternes et al, 1999;Thorpe et al, 2003). While EE2 surface water concentrations are markedly lower than that of E2 in the aquatic environment, EE2 has a 10-50-fold higher potency when compared to endogenous estrogens in vivo (Segner et al, 2003).…”