Efficacies and Second-Year Effects of SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic Formulations

Abstract

Mating disruption is the primary control tactic used against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) under the gypsy moth Slow the Spread (STS) program. In this paper, we present the results of the multiyear study designed to evaluate a new liquid SPLAT GM™ (ISCA Tech, Riverside, CA, USA) Organic formulation, which is approved by the USDA to meet National Organic Program Standards for use in organic certified farms, for its ability to disrupt gypsy moth mating, and to evaluate the environmental persistence of SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic formulations. Environmental persistence of the pheromone beyond the year of application is a significant concern since STS relies on trap catch data to evaluate treatment success. The study was conducted in 2007–2012 in forested areas in Virginia and Wisconsin, USA. We observed that SPLAT GM™ Organic reduced gypsy moth trap catch by ≥90% for 10 weeks in a similar manner as SPLAT GM™ and Hercon Disrupt® II (Hercon Environmental, Emigsville, PA, USA). Although we observed persistent effects in all products one year after application, the persistence observed in SPLAT GM™ and SPLAT GM™ Organic was significantly lower than that of Hercon Disrupt® II plastic laminated flakes.

Evaluating the success of treatments that slow spread of an invasive insect pest

“…Treatment success may be greater in small treatment blocks owing to how reductions in population density interact with Allee effects, a natural population dynamic process that leads to extinctions in small or low‐density populations. Lymantria dispar populations experience strong Allee effects, 20,28 and although Allee effects are commonly understood to manifest in the relationship between population density and growth rate, 29 there is evidence that populations of this species also have a critical area for persistence 30 …”

“…In 2009, the program switched products to 2009 SPLAT® GM (ISCA Technologies, Inc., Riverside, CA, USA). In 2012 an organic formulation of SPLAT® GM was added to the list of operational formulations 20 and since 2017, STS has been using SPLAT® GM Organic formulation exclusively for all mating disruption treatments.…”

Progress Toward an Attract-and-Kill Device for Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Using Volatile Signatures of Citrus Infected With Huanglongbing as the Attractant

“…For example, a rotating double-orifice distributor positioned directly above the tree canopy and mounted on a tractor allows SPLAT wax to be dispensed directly in the form of discrete particles ( Stelinski et al 2007 ). Newer technologies for applying SPLAT by airplanes ( Onufrieva et al 2014 ) or drones are also available.…”

Effective microorganism levels in the performance of carrot crop (Daucus carota L.) chantenay variety in Cayhuayna edafoclimatic conditions – 2016

“…Actúa produciendo un "efecto disruptivo del apareamiento", entendiéndose como tal confundiendo al macho en su búsqueda por las fuentes naturales de feromona (Reardon et al, 2006;Barbat, 2008). SPLAT es una formulación orgánica aprobada por el USDA (Onufrieva et al, 2014). Se compone principal ente de agua y una cera que es un subproducto de la refinación de petróleo, fácilmente disponible y barata (Kong et al, 2014) OBJETIVO GENERAL Evaluar la técnica de disrupción sexual en P. auraria en frutales, con diferentes densidades de emisores y dosis de su feromona sintética dispuesta en emisores SPLAT.…”