Efficacy and local irritation evaluation of Eriobotrya japonica leaf ethanol extract

Abstract

Background Although Eriobotrya japonica leaves have been studied as a raw material for various cosmetic products, little is known about the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic activities of Eriobotrya japonica leaf ethanol extract (EJEE). Methods This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic activities of EJEE using different in vitro models. In addition, we investigated the potential irritation of EJEE to skin and eye using animal alternative tests. Results The total content of polyphenols, one of the active constituents of EJEE, was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and found to contain 88.68 mg tannic acid equivalent/g. EJEE showed a concentration-dependent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity, and a superoxide dismutase-like activity. The anti-inflammatory effect of 0.5% (w/v) EJEE was demonstrated by a reduction in lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in RAW 264.7 cells. EJEE also significantly inhibited melanogenesis in melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced B16F1 cells. EJEE did not show any irritation in skin and eye in animal alternative test. Conclusions These results indicate that the EJEE possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic activities, while it did not induce toxicity or irritation in neither skin nor eye. Therefore, EJEE can be used as a cosmetic ingredient for skin improvement.

Antioxidative Role of Hygrophila erecta (Brum. F.) Hochr. on UV-Induced Photoaging of Dermal Fibroblasts and Melanoma Cells

“…A Hoelen extract repressed melanin synthesis by inhibiting TYRP2 gene transcription while the tyrosinase expression remained constant [ 59 ]. The white rose petal extracts (WRPE) effectively inhibited the activity of tyrosinase, while Eriobotrya japonica leaf ethanol extract (EJEE) suppressed melanin contents with their strong antioxidative activity [ 60 , 61 ]. The current study measured the suppressive effects of MEH on melanin accumulation in α-MSH-treated B16F1 cells.…”

Utilising Network Pharmacology to Explore Underlying Mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus in Improving Sepsis-Induced Inflammatory Response by Regulating the Balance of IκBα and NF-κB in Rats

“…When the body is activated during infection or tissue damage, it can transmit signals via ligands and receptors back to cells, causing subsequent inflammatory cascade reactions [ 39 ]. TNF- α can not only induce a massive release of a variety of inflammatory factors and stimulate the development of inflammation [ 40 ] but also directly consume the antioxidant substance glutathione in the body [ 41 ] and stimulate neutrophils and endothelial cells to release oxygen free radicals and other free radicals [ 42 ]. MAPK14 (p38) and MAPK8 (JNK) can receive and prolong the path and duration of TNF signal transduction and jointly affect the level of systemic inflammation response, the area of tissue damage, and the degree of organ function impairment by activating NF- κ B [ 43 ].…”

Antimelanogenic activities of piperlongumine derived from Piper longum on murine B16F10 melanoma cells in vitro and zebrafish embryos in vivo: its molecular mode of depigmenting action

“…Melanin synthesis or melanogenesis can be initiated by various paracrine cytokines such as α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), which is used in this study as well as other studies [28,29]. Other cytokines as stem cell factor (SCF), endothelin-1, and nitric oxide have been known as triggers of melanogenesis under the exposure of UV-B irradiation [30][31][32]. These factors enhance melanin synthesis via diverse cell signaling pathway by inducing the expression of pigment-related genes as microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf), Tyr, Trp-1, and Trp-2.…”