Efficacy and Mechanism of Cinnamon Essential Oil on Inhibition of Colletotrichum acutatum Isolated From ‘Hongyang’ Kiwifruit

Abstract

In this study, one of the dominant pathogens, which caused postharvest diseases such as anthracnose, was isolated from decayed ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit. It was identified as Colletotrichum acutatum by its morphological characteristics and standard internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequence. Further, the efficacy and possible mechanism of cinnamon essential oil on inhibition of C. acutatum were investigated. Results showed that C. acutatum was dose-dependently inhibited by cinnamon essential oil. Meanwhile, the mycelial growth and spore germination of C. acutatum were completely inhibited at the concentrations of 0.200 μL/mL and 0.175 μL/mL (v/v), respectively. Indeed, both minimal inhibitory and minimum fungicidal concentrations of cinnamon essential oil were measured as 0.200 μL/mL. Additionally, the possible antifungal mechanism of cinnamon essential oil on C. acutatum was demonstrated. Results showed that the cinnamon essential oil could destroy the cell membrane integrity of C. acutatum, and the structure of cell membrane was changed. Indeed, the cell cytoplasm including soluble protein, sugar, and nucleic acid was released, which significantly changed the extracellular conductivity. Results suggested that the cinnamon essential oil exerted great potential to be used as a natural and efficient preservative for kiwifruit postharvest storage, which were helpful for the better understanding of the efficacy and mechanism of cinnamon essential oil on inhibition of pathogens isolated from decayed ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit.

Evaluación in vitro del quitosano y aceites esenciales para el control de dos especies patógenas de Colletotrichum aisladas de aguacate (Persea americana Mill)

“…Estos resultados podrían estar relacionados con la alteración en entre sus componentes (Calo, Crandall, O'Bryan & Ricke, 2015;Taghavi, Kim & Rahemi, 2018). En el caso del aceite esencial de canela, está reportado por He et al (2018) que sus componentes afectan la integridad de la pared y membrana celular de C. acutatum modificando su estructura de manera irreversible, con la consecuente liberación de contenido celular como proteínas solubles, azúcares y ácidos nucleicos; el daño celular es dependiente de la concentración de aceite de canela utilizado, coincidiendo con los resultados de esta investigación. Para C. gloeosporioides se ha reportado que los compuestos lipofílicos en el aceite esencial de canela tienen la capacidad de penetrar y reducir la pared celular, afectando el tamaño de las hifas, causando un daño extensivo en la membrana celular; por otro lado alteran la actividad enzimática afectando la producción de proteínas y de energía (Perumal, Sellamuthu, Nambiar & Sadiku, 2016;Rabari, Chudashama & Thaker, 2018).…”

Clove Essential Oil as an Alternative Approach to Control Postharvest Blue Mold Caused by Penicillium italicum in Citrus Fruit

“…Accordingly, natural alternative preservatives for the control of postharvest fungal diseases in citrus fruit during storage, transportation, and marketing are eagerly required. Therefore, in the past few decades, researchers worldwide have begun to pay their attention towards applying natural plant oils such as bergamot ( Citrus bergamia ), cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum L.), clove ( Syzygium aromaticum L.), sage ( Salvia officinalis L.), oregano ( Origanum vulgare L.), tea tree ( Melaleuca alternifolia L.), and thyme ( Tymus vulgaris L.) to control pathogens infection and reduce postharvest fungal rot in fresh horticultural products [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12].…”

Antifungal and Antiaflatoxigenic Activities of 1,8-Cineole and t-Cinnamaldehyde on Aspergillus flavus

“…On the other hand, naturally occurring bioactive compounds, including plant essential oils and their major constituents, have been introduced, due to their strong antifungal activities [7,8,11,22]. Among them, essential oil from Mentha longifolia, which contained 2.2% of 1,8-cineole, showed strong antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities towards A. flavus [22].…”

“…Recently, these essential oils have been introduced for their fungicidal activities for the control of agricultural pathogenic fungi, such as Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Fusarium graminearum [6][7][8]. Therefore, these plant oils can be used for dual purposes by controlling both insect pests and agricultural pathogenic microbes.…”