Efficacy and Safety of Linagliptin in Black/African American Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A 6-Month, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

The placebo response of injectable GLP‐1 receptor agonists vs. oral DPP‐4 inhibitors and SGLT‐2 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…After excluding duplicates and screening references on the basis of title and abstract, 123 relevant references were identified and examined in full text. Sixty‐seven of these publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis .…”

Efficacy and Safety of Linagliptin in Subjects With Long-standing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (>10 Years): Evidence From Pooled Data of Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase III Trials

“…Trial NCT01194830 comprised adult T2DM patients who self-reported their race as black or African American, were receiving r1 OAD treatment, and had a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) level of 7.5% to 11.0% at screening (N ¼ 226). 22 Trial NCT01084005 comprised patients aged Z70 years, with an HbA 1c level Z7.0% at screening who had been treated and were stable for at least 8 weeks with metformin and/or a sulfonylurea and/or basal insulin (N ¼ 241). 23 Individual study protocols were approved by relevant local independent ethical committees or institutional review boards.…”

“…22,23 Clinical Therapeutics Secondary end points included the change in HbA 1c level from baseline according to visit over time and the change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline to week 24. Other end points included the change in patient weight from baseline to week 24 and the use of rescue medication.…”

Racial/ethnic disparities in prevalence and care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Linagliptin was evaluated in 226 African American patients with T2DM in a randomized placebo-controlled trial lasting 24 weeks 54 . Patients were either treatment naïve or had been treated with one oral glucose-lowering drug.…”