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C oronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a worldwide disruption of regular health care, with more than 37 million cases and over 1,000,000 deaths. 1 After confirmation of the first COVID-19 patient in The Netherlands, a country with 17.4 million inhabitants and universal health care, on February 27, 2020, the pandemic rapidly spread across the country, reaching its first peak in April 2020. 2 Regular health care, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) care, was strongly reduced to establish sufficient capacity for COVID-19 care and to prevent COVID-19 spread by patients and healthcare workers.Abbreviations used in this paper: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CRC, colorectal cancer; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; PALGA, the nationwide network and registry of histo-and cytopathology in the Netherlands.

The response to placebo treatment was related to its active comparator, with injectable placebo GLP-1ra showing a relevant response on weight, whereas oral placebo DPP4i showed no significant response. These findings may suggest that subjective expectations influence T2DM treatment efficacy, which can possibly be employed therapeutically.

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is typically considered as a disease of the elderly. However, there is a sizeable subgroup of patients where PD starts at a younger age, known as young-onset PD (YOPD). We evaluated the differences in quality of life and caregiver strain between YOPD and later onset PD (LOPD) patients in a large cohort. Methods In collaboration with the Parkinson Foundation Quality Improvement Initiative (PF-QII), we conducted a retrospective three-year analysis on 962 PD patients of the QII database (starting date May 2016). Of these, 272 patients had YOPD, and 690 had LOPD. The Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) total score served as primary outcome measure. Furthermore, we analysed group differences in modified caregiver strain index (MCSI) total score, three cognition functions, and number of falls. A regression analysis adjusting for covariates was used to assess the association of age at onset with PDQ-39 and MCSI. Results PDQ scores were better in YOPD patients, MCSI scores on social constraint were lower in YOPD patients, but scores on financial constraint were higher in this group. After adjusting for covariates, YOPD patients had better quality of life and less caregiver strain at all follow-up moments, but not at baseline. Decline over time for all outcomes was lower in the YOPD group compared to the LOPD group. Cognitive functioning and number of falls progressed slower in the YOPD group compared to the LOPD group. Conclusion Compared to LOPD patients, YOPD patients had a better quality of life, less caregiver strain, fewer falls and better cognitive functioning after their first follow-up visit, and also a slower decline over time.

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