Efficacy of chitin-PAA-GTMAC gel in promoting wound healing: animal study

Abstract

Acrylic grafted chitin (chitin-PAA) was modified with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) with the aim of promoting wound healing. The chitin-PAA-GTMAC gels with different GTMAC contents were compared with the original chitin-PAA gel and Intrasite gel for their efficacy in deep wound healing of Wistar rats. Four full-thickness wounds were made on the dorsal skin of rats and then each was treated with 4 materials; chitin-PAA, chitin-PAA-GTMAC(1:4), chitin-PAA-GTMAC(1:10) and Intrasite gel. During 18 days of treatment, the wounds were visually observed and calculated for wound size using image analysis program. Skin wound tissues of sacrificed rats were processed for routine histological observation and immunohistochemistry of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The wounds covered with the chitin derivatives either with or without GTMAC showed a significant reduction in wound size in day 9 in comparison with day 12 for those covered with Intrasite gel. The faster rate and the better pattern of epidermal development observed in histological study as well as the higher dermal cell proliferation (PCNA expression) also demonstrated the better efficiency in wound healing of the chitin derivatives than Intrasite. The earliest epidermal development of the wounds treated with chitin-PAA-GTMAC (1:4) among the tested materials suggested the most promising of this material for the treatment of full-thickness open wound.

Quaternary ammonium-based biomedical materials: State-of-the-art, toxicological aspects and antimicrobial resistance

“…This makes them promising for incorporation into wound healing and implantable biomaterials. Pilakasiri et al found that QA-modified chitin gels are promising candidates for treatment of full-thickness open wounds, with better wound healing than a clinically available dressing [223].…”

Chitosan Derivatives: Introducing New Functionalities with a Controlled Molecular Architecture for Innovative Materials

“…The type of polymerization to be selected depends on the type of monomer to be grafted; in most cases, radical polymerization has been used [82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89], although there is also a report of anionic ring-opening polymerization [90]. Acrylic monomers (especially acrylic acid) are among the most frequently grafted into chitin [82,83,84,85,88,91,92,93]. For the development of experimental procedures, it must be taken into account that chitin is not soluble in aqueous media and, therefore, the reaction must be carried out mostly under heterogeneous conditions.…”

“…The other free radical initiator that has been successfully used for the grafting of acrylic monomers onto chitin is potassium persulfate [85,88,91,92]. Hydrogels prepared with chitin- g -poly(acrylic acid) by the grafting from method have been proposed as a wound dressing material [85,91,92]. The highly water-absorbable film showed a good capacity of absorbing exudates from wounds, thus keeping a moist wound environment [85].…”

“…The highly water-absorbable film showed a good capacity of absorbing exudates from wounds, thus keeping a moist wound environment [85]. Subsequently, it was shown that the inclusion of glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride improves the wound healing properties of this hydrogel [91,92].…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Water-Soluble Dendronized Chitosan Using Newkome-Type Dendrons

“…In this work, we report simple and efficient alternatives for the modification of chitosan: dendronization with a biocompatible dendron; 13 a quaternization process with an ammonium salt, such as glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC), which confers a permanent positive charge to the polymer; and a combination of both methodologies to form a amphiphilic polymer.…”