Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) on developmental stages of house fly, Musca domestica

Abstract

The housefly, is a major domestic, medical and veterinary pest. The management of these flies reliance on insecticide, causes environmental constraints, insecticide resistance and residues in the meat, skin. Therefore one of the eco-friendly alternate methods is by using biological agents such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). In the present study evaluated the survival of EPN species, ,, and in poultry manure and also their efficacy against different developmental stages of house fly. After exposing to poultry manure, showed more survival as followed by, , and in all exposition period. When the exposition period extended to 96 h, all nematode species survivability was drastically reduced. After exposing these nematodes to poultry manure at 24 h their virulence capacity against wax moth, showed all the nematode species were able cause 100% mortality. However their progeny production was significantly reduced. Fly eggs and pupae were refractory to these nematode infection. Petri dish without artificial diet assay showed that, second and 3rd-instar larvae were highly susceptible to EPNs as compared to larvae provided with artificial diet. showed high virulence capacity compared to other nematodes tested. Poultry manure assay revealed that, and caused minimal mortality where as , and did not cause any mortality. This may be because of poor survival and limited movement of nematodes in poultry manure which may be due to ammonia, other toxic substances in poultry manure. The decrease in larval mortality in manure suggests that biocontrol of housefly by using EPNs is unlikely.

Evaluation of Four Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Biological Control Agents Against The Housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

“…Susceptibility of larvae may be correlated to the movement behavior which increase the exposing of larvae body surface to infective juveniles where the nematodes penetrate the insect body through the natural opening as anus, mouth and/or respiratory pores located on the body surface. Our results coincide with Archana et al (2017) who studied the effects of EPNs against eggs, larvae and pupae of house fly and Shehata (2010) who studied the local EPNs against Galleria mellonella, Agrotis ipsilon and Tropionata sequalida. Similarly, the larvae of Tuta absoluta appeared to be more susceptible to local and imported EPNs than the pupal stage (Shehata, 2015).…”

The Microbiome of Leonardo da Vinci’s Drawings: A Bio-Archive of Their History

“…Interestingly, X. bovienii is a bacterium which has been isolated from several nematode Steinernema species. Steinernema affects many insects and also flies (Archana et al, 2017). Therefore, it is plausible to relate the presence of these species with the presence of insect's droppings in this drawing.…”

Susceptibility of Musca domestica larvae and adults to entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae) native to Mexico

“…This suggests that the substrate and the methodology used in the evaluation of the entomopathogenic nematode have a fundamental importance on the results. However, the documented studies with fly larvae do not mention the substrate characteristics (manure) where the nematodes were evaluated (Beltón et al 1987, Georgis et al 1987, Renn 1995, Renn 1998, Taylor et al 1998, Mahmoud et al 2007, Archana et al 2017). It is clear that chicken manure is not the same as bovine or pig manure.…”