Efficacy of Intravenous Glycyrrhizin in the Early Stage of Acute Onset Autoimmune Hepatitis

Yasui, Shin; Fujiwara, Keiichi; Tawada, Akinobu; Fukuda, Yoshihiro; Nakano, Masayuki; Yokosuka, Osamu

doi:10.1007/s10620-011-1789-5

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Several clinical studies reported that GA was efficacious in the treatment of various types of inflammation (mainly in liver [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] (Table 1), but also in lung, kidney, intestine, and spinal cord [31]). The most common use of GA is in the treatment of liver disease [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycyrrhizic Acid in the Treatment of Liver Diseases: Literature Review

Cao

Liu

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

179

168

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Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is a triterpene glycoside found in the roots of licorice plants (Glycyrrhiza glabra). GA is the most important active ingredient in the licorice root, and possesses a wide range of pharmacological and biological activities. GA coupled with glycyrrhetinic acid and 18-beta-glycyrrhetic acid was developed in China or Japan as an anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antiallergic drug for liver disease. This review summarizes the current biological activities of GA and its medical applications in liver diseases. The pharmacological actions of GA include inhibition of hepatic apoptosis and necrosis; anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory actions; antiviral effects; and antitumor effects. This paper will be a useful reference for physicians and biologists researching GA and will open the door to novel agents in drug discovery and development from Chinese herbs. With additional research, GA may be more widely used in the treatment of liver diseases or other conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycyrrhizic Acid in the Treatment of Liver Diseases: Literature Review

Cao

Liu

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

179

168

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“…Clinical validation of the efficacy of intravenous glycyrrhizin in liver injury has been explored in a randomized controlled trial of chronic HCV, where it was administered chronically and shown to significantly reduce serum ALT, but not HCV RNA levels [16]. More recently, intravenous glycyrrhizin has been shown to promote transaminase normalization in patients with acute autoimmune hepatitis though this prospective study did not have a steroid alone comparator arm to compare to the standard of care therapy [17]. Anti-HMGB1 blocking antibodies have been shown to protect from acetaminophen and concanvalin-induced acute liver injury, but have not been tested in humans [18] and [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic strategies in inflammasome mediated diseases of the liver

Hoque

Vodovotz

Mehal

2013

Journal of Hepatology

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Summary Tissue stress and cell death result in inflammation even in the absence of pathogens. Such sterile inflammation is dependent on a cytosolic complex of proteins inside immune cells termed the inflammasome. This complex converts two groups of extracellular signals into an inflammatory response via activation of caspase-1 and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Group 1 signals are typically TOLL like receptor agonists and result in transcriptional upregulation of inflammasome components and pro-cytokines. Group 2 signals are diverse, ranging from uric acid to ATP, and lead to assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasome components are required for a wide range of acute and chronic pathologies, including experimental alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and drug-induced liver injury. Collectively, group 1 and 2 signals, inflammasome components, and cytokine receptors provide a rich source of therapeutic targets. Many of the advances in the field have come from standard reductionist experiments. Progress in the understanding of complex human systems will, however, be dependent on novel strategies such as systems analysis, which analyze large data sets to provide new insights.

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“…Our present results demonstrated the protective effects of RKT against BLM-induced ALI in mice. In regard to safety and tolerability, RKT, hesperidin, and glycyrrhizin administrations each had no severe side effects (21,28,45,46,59). We thus believe that RKT could provide a hopeful therapeutic strategy for ALI/ARDS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Rikkunshito ameliorates bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in a ghrelin-independent manner

Tsubouchi

Yanagi

Miura

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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Acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical syndrome consisting of acute respiratory failure associated with extensive pulmonary infiltrates. The pathological characterization of ALI includes injuries of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), alveolar neutrophilic infiltration, and increases in proinflammatory cytokines, which cause destruction of the alveolar capillary barrier and subsequent devastating lung fibrosis. Rikkunshito (RKT), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, is widely used for the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and is known to stimulate ghrelin secretion. The therapeutic effects of RKT on organ inflammation and fibrosis remain unknown. We investigated the pharmacological potential of RKT in the treatment of ALI by using a bleomycin-induced ALI model in mice. RKT or distilled water (DW) was given to mice daily starting 12 h after bleomycin administration. The RKT-treated mice showed a definitively higher survival rate than the DW-treated mice after injury. They also had smaller reductions in body weight and food intake. The amelioration of neutrophil alveolar infiltration, pulmonary vascular permeability, induction of proinflammatory cytokines, activation of the NF-κB pathway, apoptosis of AECs, and subsequent lung fibrosis were notable in the RKT-treated mice. RKT administration increased the plasma ghrelin levels in wild-type mice, and it also mitigated the ALI response in both ghrelin-deficient mice and growth hormone secretagogue receptor-deficient mice after lung injury. Our results indicate that RKT administration exerts protective effects against ALI by protecting the AECs and regulating lung inflammation independently of the ghrelin system, and they highlight RKT as a promising therapeutic agent for the management of this intractable disease.

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Efficacy of Intravenous Glycyrrhizin in the Early Stage of Acute Onset Autoimmune Hepatitis

Cited by 45 publications

References 37 publications

Glycyrrhizic Acid in the Treatment of Liver Diseases: Literature Review

Glycyrrhizic Acid in the Treatment of Liver Diseases: Literature Review

Therapeutic strategies in inflammasome mediated diseases of the liver

Rikkunshito ameliorates bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in a ghrelin-independent manner

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