Efficacy of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder as Nutrigenomic Therapy Against Malnutrition and Metabolic Perturbation Related Diseases: a Preliminary Study of Madura Islands Variety

Abstract

Malnutrition and metabolic disease are the major problem of global population during the last few decades. The increasing of infant mortality related under caloric protein diet was reported in the developing countries. Moreover, metabolic perturbation caused by nutrient deficiency is the advanced physiological complication associated malnutrition. In addition, by contrast, an excess caloric intake is not only the common problem in the Western countries, but also becoming emerging metabolic disease in the low income countries. Thus, the exploration of a reliable nutritional therapy derived from local biodiversity is required. Moringa oleifera is a tropical and subtropical plant that widely spread in equatorial region. Moringa is a traditional medicinal plant rich in nutrition due to the presence of some essential nutrients in its leaves. Even though some previous studies have been done to investigate the potential ingredients and benefits of Moringa leaf powder, however the exploration of nutritional values of Moringa oleifera Sumenep Madura variety is unknown. This study was conducted by using proximate analysis of nutritional ingredients within Moringa leaf powder obtained from two varieties of Sumenep Madura and Kupang East Nusa Tenggara. Our laboratory data showed that Moringa leaf powder Sumenep Madura variety A has a higher level of protein (29.720 %), fat (4.971%), carbohydrate (38.417%), and vitamin C (985.305 mg/100g). Importantly, the similar pattern of nutritional ingredients was observed in variety B (32.865 % of protein levels, 4.707% of fat concentration, 36.784% of carbohydrate, and 1050.575 mg/100g of vitamin C). In summary, the findings from our preliminary study provide novel evidence the potential nutrients within Moringa leaf powder Sumenep Madura variety. It is possible that to propose this local Moringa as an additional future nutrigenomic therapy combating malnutrition and metabolic diseases.

Nutrigenomic and Biomolecular Aspect of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Leaf Powder as Supplementation for Stunting Children

“…Stunting is a state of malnutrition so that individuals will be short below the average growth chart. This condition is one of the contributors that cause an increase in early childhood death due to malnutrition which continues into the terminal phase (Susanto et al 2017).…”

“…The nutritional value per 100 g of Moringa oleifera leaves extract consists of carbohydrate 9.1 g, dietary fiber 2.1 g, fat 1.7 g, and protein 8.1 g. The vitamin content of Moringa oleifera are vitamin A 80 µg, thiamine 0,103 mg, riboflavin 0,112 mg, niacin 1.5 pantothenic acids 0.48 mg, vitamin B6 0.129 mg, folate 41 µg, and vitamin C 8,6 mg (Abbas et al 2018). Moringa oleifera is relatively easy to be made into powder and efficient because it only dried with the sun and then blended with the machine, the nutritional content is similar when compared to conventional methods (method with additional 35-55 0 C heating in a machine) (Susanto et al 2017). Thus, this plant is practically used in households, contains enough polyphenols for infant nutrition, and can meet iron needs for anemia (Teshome et al 2009;Zongo et al 2013;Rahayu & Nurindahsari 2018).…”

“…Moringa oleifera contains minerals (such as calcium, iron, and sodium), vitamins C and E, beta carotene, as well as antioxidants (flavonoid acids, phenolic acids, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and saponins) (Leone et al 2015). Various compounds in Moringa oleifera leaves powder can affect genomic processes (transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic) as well as inflammatory processes that occur specifically in stunting (Susanto et al 2017). Fulfilment of nutrients for infants needs to be done so that it does not cause inflammation and disruption of genomic processes that occur in stunting.…”

Literature Review: Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) sebagai Makanan Sehat Pelengkap Nutrisi 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan

“…Sehingga ekstrak daun kelor dapat direkomendasikan pada balita dengan status gizi kurang (Rahayu & Nurindahsari, 2018). Bermacam-macam senyawa dalam bubuk daun kelor dapat mempengaruhi proses genomic (transkriptomik, proteomik, dan metabolomik) serta inflamasi proses yang terjadi khususnya pada stunting (Susanto, et al,. 2017).…”

Is Instant Porridge with a High Calcium Content Based on Moringa Oleifera as an Alternative Baby Food to Prevent Stunting in Indonesia?

“…This condition is one of the contributors that cause an increase in early childhood death due to malnutrition which continues into the terminal phase. 1 Furthermore, the 2018 Basic Health Research (Indonesian Ministry of Health) recorded a 30.8% national stunting prevalenc. 2 However, stunting can be prevented by providing suitable complementary foods.…”