Efficacy of Nine Croatian Inert Dusts Against Rice Weevil Sitophilus Oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Wheat

Abstract

Laboratory bioassay was carried out to study the insecticidal effect of 9 Croatian inert dusts against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and to test their influence on bulk density of treated wheat. In order to compare effectiveness of Croatian inert dust samples, a standard USA diatomaceous earth (DE) Celatom® Mn 51, registered as an insecticide for stored-products protection, was used. Wheat kernels with approximately 13% moisture content were treated with inert dusts at doses 300, 400, 500 and 600 ppm and mortality of S. oryzae adults was assessed after 7 and 14 days and progeny after 49 days. The most effective Croatian inert dust samples were D-02B, D-01 and MA-4 with the LD90 values of 359.6, 447.2 and 458.7 ppm, respectively. In addition, effective dose that reduced F1 progeny in half was lower in regard to the other tested samples including the standard DE Mn 51, with the ED50 values 71.9, 54.6 and 137.6 ppm, respectively. According to the XRF analytical results, the highest amount of biogenic silica (BSi) was found in samples D-02B, D-01 and MA-4 (45.98, 35.09 and 21.28%, respectively). Paleontological data analysis confirmed diatoms species in only 5 samples of Croatian inert dusts (D-01, D-02B, PD-1, MA-4 and JU-1). All tested inert dusts affected reduction in bulk density of treated wheat at the LD90 concentrations, from 4.4 (D-02B) to 5.6 (JU-1) kg hL-1. More effective inert dusts at lower doses equally reduced bulk density as less effective inert dusts at much higher doses.

Natural Formulation Based on Diatomaceous Earth and Botanicals against Stored Product Insects

“…Its main advantages are low mammalian toxicity and long persistence [ 1 ] with efficient insecticidal activity without leaving hazardous residues [ 2 , 3 ]. Yet, there are some limitations, which impede wider commercial use of DE, such as reduction of bulk density and flowability of grain [ 4 , 5 ], creation of dusty environment, and decrease in efficacy at higher grain moisture contents [ 6 ] and variable efficacy based on type of commodity (rice, sorghum, rye, corn, or wheat) [ 7 ]. Due to a desiccating mode of action, DEs are slow-acting insecticides.…”

“…They are less effective against insects developing inside the kernel. Consequently, efficacy can differ among some insect species [ 2 , 5 , 8 ] and different development stages [ 9 ].…”

Efficacy of Filter Cake and Triplex Powders Against Three Internally Developing Stored-product Insect Species

“…In addition to these new technologies, some inert dusts such as clay, sand, ground phosphate, ash, diatomaceous earth were in use in Africa [12 -15]. Inert dusts are dry dusts that are chemically unreactive [15,16], and are identified as alternatives to chemical pesticides [14]. Protection of stored grain from insect pests using inert dusts such as wood ash, lime, and sand has been practiced in Ethiopia [1].…”

Βιολογία Και Καταπολέμηση Ειδών Βρούχων Που Απαντώνται Στην Ελλάδα

“…αποθηκευμένων προϊόντων Chanbang et al, 2007;Liška et al, 2017;. Η χρήση της γης διατόμων είναι κατάλληλη για την καταπολέμηση των Sitophilus oryzae Baliota et al, 2020), Tribolium castaneum , Tribolium confusum (Athanassiou et al, 2005;Baliota & Athanassiou, 2020), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Collins & Cook, 2006), Rhyzopertha dominica Athanassiou et al, 2007;Chanbang et al, 2007) αλλά και των βρούχων Callosobruchus chinensis (Ahmad Mahdi et al, 2006) και Callosobruchus maculates (Badii et al, 2014).…”

“…Ως αδρανείς σκόνες αναφέρονται όλες οι ξηρές σκόνες, διαφορετικής προέλευσης, που είναι χημικά αδρανείς στη φύση (Liška et al, 2017). Οι αδρανείς σκόνες ανάλογα με τη χημική και φυσική τους σύσταση κατηγοριοποιούνται σε τρείς ομάδες .…”