Efficient and Green Catalytic Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinone (Thione) Derivatives Using Cobalt Nitrate in Solvent-Free Conditions

Abstract

A series of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one(thione) derivatives was synthesized using Co(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O in solvent-free condition. Avoiding organic solvents during the chemical reactions leading to an economic approach is effective. The reaction is characterized by high efficiency, short reaction time, high yields, simple experimental procedure, availability of catalyst and environmentally friendly reaction conditions.

Phthalic Acid: A Green, Biodegradable and Environmentally Benign Nature Di-Functional Brønsted Acid Catalyst for the One-Pot Synthesis of 3, 4-Dihydropyrimidin-2- (1h)-One Derivatives and Substituted Dihydro-2-Oxypyrroles

“…The special benefits of green chemistry for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds are using nontoxic substrate and environmentally benign nature. Herein, our recent studies focused on developing of using green catalyst [1][2][3][4] in the multi-component reactions.…”

“…Recently, because of their specially pharmaceutical and biological activities, compounds with pyrrole rings such as dihydro-2-oxypyrroles and Biginelli [5] reactions for the synthesis of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones derivatives have attracted much interest in the organic researches for example these compounds have been used as anticancer [6], calcium channel blockers, α-1a-antagonists [7], human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV) protease [8], they has been used as Pl-091 [9], many of number alkaloids with biological activities have pyrrole rings [10], And these rings have been used as UCS1025A [11]. In the recent years, several protocols for the preparation of these compounds that is including bronsted or lewis acid catalysts have been reported for example Cu(OAc) 2 [12], [Btto][p-TSA] [13], bakers , yeast [14], Calcium Fluoride [15], copper(II) tetrafluoroborate [16], hydrotalcite [17], TBAB [18], hexaaquaaluminium(III) tetrafluoroborate [19], copper(II)sulfamate [20], I 2 [21], AcOH [22], [n-Bu 4 3 [24], oxalic acid [25], ZrCl 4 [26], InCl 3 [27]. Some of limitation these methodologies are low yields, toxic catalyst, long time reactions, harsh reaction conditions, expensive materials.…”

Synthesis of pyrimidine carboxamide derivatives catalyzed by uranyl nitrate hexa Hydrate with their antibacterial and antioxidant studies

“…Biginelli reaction takes place by mixing different substituted aldehydes, urea or thiourea, and an active 1,3-dicarbonyl compound in combination with different catalytic systems such as AcOH [14], ZrCl 4 [15], Cu(OTf) 2 [16], SiO 2 /H 2 SO 4 [17], La(OTf) 3 [18], CdCl 2 [19], 1-n-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [20], SiO 2 /NaHSO 4 [21], Pb(NO 3 ) 2 [22], NaCl [23], KSF clay [24], FeCl 3 [25], BiCl 3 [26], ion-exchange resin [27], LiBr [28] [32], Mn(OAc) 3 [33], InBr 3 [ 34], microwave [35][36][37][38] or ultrasound irradiation [39] and solvent-free conditions [40], Co(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O [41], ZnCl 2 /TBAB [42]. In the last two decades microwave mediated reactions have been of great interest in organic synthesis because of their shorter reaction times and high yields of products with good selectivity.…”

Cobalt supported on alumina as green catalyst for Biginelli reaction in mild conditions: effect of catalyst preparation method

“…Her research areas focus on catalysis and material chemistry. She has 49 publications and 453 citations with indices h (12) and i10 (13) in Google Scholar. Her ResearchGate is 25.51.…”

“…These are currently the subject of intense focus due to their wide spectra of biological activities [9][10][11][12] such as anticancer, antifungal and anti HIV [13]. The Biginelli reaction is a new approach to "green chemistry" because it is a multicomponent reaction in which three or more starting chemicals are used as inputs for product formation, thus minimizing the number of intermediate steps [14,15].…”