Efficient Beam Sweeping Algorithms and Initial Access Protocols for Millimeter-Wave Networks

Aykin, Irmak; Krunz, Marwan

doi:10.1109/twc.2020.2965926

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…(2) Very recently, there were investigations in the open literature to introduce how the ICS in NR system operates [14], [30]- [34]. However, as opposed to the significance of NR TCS design on the mobile station modem, there is still no study to deal with the issue in depth.…”

Section: Volume X 2020mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Decades of 3GPP Target Cell Search through 3G, 4G, and 5G

Won

Choi

2020

IEEE Access

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This survey provides the reader with the open literature on the detailed operational scenarios of Target Cell Search (TCS) in both 3G and 4G systems, with a particular emphasis on the DownLink (DL). There is no completely latest survey of the TCS scenarios. Therefore, we examine the TCS-involved solutions which have been chosen for Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), Long-Term Evolution Frequency Division Duplex (LTE-FDD), and Time-Division Long-Term Evolution (TD-LTE). Especially for TD-SCDMA, there is no concrete literature demystifying the details of TCS scenario. Accordingly, this survey aims for repairing the associated crack in the literature. Moreover, as a recent evolution from the operational systems, we also focus on the TCS scenario which can be exploited in New Radio (NR) systems operating at both sub-6 GHz and millimeter-Wave (mmW) spectrum bands. A taxonomy diagram is also provided to classify relevant target cell search scenarios in 3G, 4G, and 5G as well as followed by those in inter-Radio Access Technologies (RATs). In a nutshell, our endeavors definitize the first comprehensive survey on the TCS progress tailored to the evolution of commercial mobile communication systems over three decades. It is worth mentioning that this survey is also informative for engineers and researchers to design practical mobile station modem.

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Section: Volume X 2020mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Decades of 3GPP Target Cell Search through 3G, 4G, and 5G

Won

Choi

2020

IEEE Access

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“…The single-peak [9] search is an autonomous method, based on the observation that the channel gain resulting from using different beams grows when the beam angular sector gets closer to the angle of departure. Thus, starting from a random beam index s 1 , the algorithm iteratively moves to the beam providing the largest gain among the two beams with adjacent angular sectors, having indices…”

Section: Single-peak Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [8] it is proposed that a WiFi router transmits a signal in multiple carefully designed directions simultaneously, obtaining a discovery time growing only logarithmically with the number of beams. Lastly, the gradient of the channel gain is exploited in [9], thus halving the average discovery time with respect to the random search.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This derivation will also be useful for the performance evaluation of the proposed techniques. We compare the nearest-neighbor-beam, the beamand-angle, and the simplified beam-and-angle searches, with the random beam search [2], the solution of [12], based on the incoming user position, and the autonomous search method [9], showing the advantage of our novel approaches. With respect to the other existing literature, our approach combines the statistical information of the beam where most probably the incoming user is found (similarly to [10], [14]- [17]) with the instantaneous information about the nearest user (similarly to [12], [20], [30]), while existing solutions do not merge the two pieces of information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section II introduces the system model, including the reference statistical channel model as defined by 3GPP, and a short description of three reference beam-search sequence design methods, namely the random beam search, the line-of-sight (LOS) angle search [12], and the single-peak search of [9]. The new beam-search sequence designs, based on information on the nearest user, are described in Section III, and the statistics required for this design are obtained in Section IV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beam-Sweeping Design Based on Nearest Users Position and Beam in 5G mmWave Networks

Tomasin

Mazzucco²,

Donno³

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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The beam sweeping procedure estimates the beamforming directions, or beams, to be used for downlink millimeter-wave cellular transmissions to an incoming user entering the cell. We propose three new approaches for the choice of the sequence by which beams are explored (the beam-search sequence), in order to reduce the average time to find the directions. The proposed methods exploit a) the correlation among angles of departure of the incoming user and its nearest, already connected user, and b) the position of both the incoming and its nearest user. For point a), the nearest-neighbor-beam search method starts from the beam of the nearest user, and then explores other beams, with directions progressively farther away (in the angular domain) from the first beam. In the beam-and-angle search, the beam-search sequence is optimized by exploiting the knowledge of both users' position and the nearest-user beam. We also propose the simplified beam-and-angle search, which still exploits the nearest-user information, although in a suboptimal and simpler fashion. Based on the channel model of the 3rd generation partnership project, we analytically design the optimal beam-and-angle search sequence. We assess the performance of the proposed solutions, in terms of their average discovery time, also in comparison with existing approaches.

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