A new valorization
strategy for selected plant-based waste materials
has been put forward. We have shown that avocado peels (fruit waste)
and green leaves of Japanese knotweed (plant waste) are good sources
of free xanthophylls such as antheraxanthin (9 mg/100 g dry weight)
and lutein (106 mg/100 g dry weight), respectively, which can be converted
into xanthophyll esters, a process inspired by nature to regulate
the physicochemical properties of these bioactive species such as
solubility and chemical stability. To this end, we developed the first
environmentally friendly and economically viable synthetic platform
and critically evaluated it by preparing 55 different xanthophyll
esters (combining 5 model xanthophylls with 11 structurally and electronically
distinct acid anhydrides). These esters were synthesized using β-pinene
as a bio-derived solvent at ambient temperature and pressure with
excellent selectivity (median 97%) and finally isolated in high yields
(median 81%) and with high purities (median 97%). The integration
of this technology with xanthophyll-containing wastes contributes
to the zero-waste principle, and new valorization pathways for invasive
alien plant species (such as Japanese knotweed) are particularly welcome
as they help to control their rapid spread which causes great economic
damage and loss of biodiversity around the globe.