Efficient Solar to Chemical Conversion: 12% Efficient Photoassisted Electrolysis in the [<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>-type InP(Ru)]/HCl-KCl/Pt(Rh) Cell

Heller, Adam; Vadimsky, R. G.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.46.1153

Cited by 218 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…3 For example, p-InP/Rh photocathodes have yielded 11% thermodynamically based energy conversion efficiencies of HCl(aq) to H 2 (g). 4 Additionally, p-type Si photocathodes with an overlayer of Pt nanoparticles have been shown to produce >5% thermodynamically based conversion efficiency of protons to H 2 (g) under low-level monochromatic (632 nm) light in mildly acidic aqueous solution. 5 Several devices that have incorporated multi-junction semiconductor photoelectrodes have effected the overall solar-driven splitting of water to H 2 (g) and O 2 (g) with >5% efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Pt, Ni, and Ni–Mo electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution on crystalline Si electrodes

McKone

Warren

Bierman

et al. 2011

Energy Environ. Sci.

463

382

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The dark electrocatalytic and light photocathodic hydrogen evolution properties of Ni, Ni-Mo alloys, and Pt on Si electrodes have been measured, to assess the viability of earth-abundant electrocatalysts for integrated, semiconductor coupled fuel formation. In the dark, the activities of these catalysts deposited on degenerately doped p + -Si electrodes increased in the order Ni < Ni-Mo # Pt. Ni-Mo deposited on degenerately doped Si microwires exhibited activity that was very similar to that of Pt deposited by metal evaporation on planar Si electrodes. Under 100 mW cm À2 of Air Mass 1.5 solar simulation, the energy conversion efficiencies of p-type Si/catalyst photoelectrodes ranged from 0.2-1%, and increased in the order Ni z Ni-Mo < Pt, due to somewhat lower photovoltages and photocurrents for p-Si/Ni-Mo relative to p-Si/Ni and p-Si/Pt photoelectrodes. Deposition of the catalysts onto microwire arrays resulted in higher apparent catalytic activities and similar photoelectrode efficiencies than were observed on planar p-Si photocathodes, despite lower light absorption by p-Si in the microwire structures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Pt, Ni, and Ni–Mo electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution on crystalline Si electrodes

McKone

Warren

Bierman

et al. 2011

Energy Environ. Sci.

463

382

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Obviously, the developments in catalysis, electrocatalysis and water dissociation were historically far from being synchronized. It is not surprising that it took about 180 years before Fujishima and Honda published the first observation of light-induced water electrolysis 9 using rutile TiO 2 photoanodes, thereby strongly stimulating the field of photoelectrochemistry [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] that resulted in the first industrially produced photoelectrochemical device which operated in the photovoltaic mode.…”

Section: Background -Introductory Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectrocatalysis: principles, nanoemitter applications and routes to bio-inspired systems

Lewerenz

Heine

Skorupska

et al. 2010

Energy Environ. Sci.

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An overview on processes that are relevant in light-induced fuel generation, such as water photoelectrolysis or carbon dioxide reduction, is given. Considered processes encompass the photophysics of light absorption, excitation energy transfer to catalytically active sites and interfacial reactions at the catalyst/solution phase boundary. The two major routes envisaged for realization of photoelectrocatalytic systems, e.g. bio-inspired single photon catalysis and multiple photon inorganic or hybrid tandem cells, are outlined. For development of efficient tandem cell structures that are based on non-oxidic semiconductors, stabilization strategies are presented. Physical surface passivation is described using the recently introduced nanoemitter concept which is also applicable in photovoltaic (solid state or electrochemical) solar cells and first results with p-Si and p-InP thin films are presented. Solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies reach 12.1% for homoepitaxial InP thin films covered with Rh nanoislands. In the pursuit to develop biologically inspired systems, enzyme adsorption onto electrochemically nanostructured silicon surfaces is presented and tapping mode atomic force microscopy images of heterodimeric enzymes are shown. An outlook towards future envisaged systems is given.

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“…16 p-type InP is one of the most efficient photocathode materials for hydrogen evolution available. Heller and Vadimsky 17 have shown three decades ago that hydrogen evolution can occur with an efficiency of 12% if rhodium is deposited as catalytically active and optically transparent thin-film on top of an In 2 O 3 /InP structure. In this work, a new approach based on thin film photoelectrodes is presented.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectrochemical Conditioning of MOVPE p-InP Films for Light-Induced Hydrogen Evolution: Chemical, Electronic and Optical Properties

Muñoz¹,

Heine²,

Lublow³

et al. 2013

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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Homoepitaxial p-InP(100) thin films prepared by MOVPE (metallorganic vapor phase epitaxy) were transformed into an InP/oxidephosphate/Rh heterostructure by photoelectrochemical conditioning. Surface sensitive synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the formation of a mixed oxide constituted by In(PO 3 ) 3 , InPO 4 and In 2 O 3 as nominal components during photo-electrochemical activation. The operation of these films as hydrogen evolving photocathode proved a light-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency of 14.5%. Surface activation arises from a shift of the semiconductor electron affinity by 0.44 eV by formation of In-Cl interfacial dipoles with a density of about 10 12 cm −2 . Predominant local In 2 O 3 -like structures in the oxide introduce resonance states near the semiconductor conduction band edge imparting electron conductivity to the phosphate matrix. Surface reflectance investigations indicate an enhanced light-coupling in the layered architecture. Solar hydrogen generation from water represents a viable route for establishing a carbon-neutral energy infrastructure based on renewable energy resources.1-4 To achieve this long-term objective, numerous approaches are currently being pursued comprising adapting systems derived from photosynthesis, 5-7 identification of appropriate catalysts, 8 development of transition metal oxide photoelectrodes 9,10,11 as well as devising efficient semiconductor tandem structures.12-14 Because biomimetic systems inspired by natural photosynthesis are characterized by rather low theoretical efficiencies, 6 the use of photoresponsive semiconductor materials for the splitting of water appears currently most promising. It can be shown that dual-bandgap systems reach theoretically efficiencies well above 40% at AM1.5. 15 The development horizon suggests therefore the use of technologically advanced semiconductor materials which would allow comparably fast technical realization. Further, the orthogonalization of charge carrier and photon pathways as well as an increased built-in potential by interfacial doping was recently exploited to achieve efficiencies near 10% using Si as substrate. 16 p-type InP is one of the most efficient photocathode materials for hydrogen evolution available. Heller and Vadimsky 17 have shown three decades ago that hydrogen evolution can occur with an efficiency of 12% if rhodium is deposited as catalytically active and optically transparent thin-film on top of an In 2 O 3 /InP structure. In this work, a new approach based on thin film photoelectrodes is presented. The photocathode is realized by homoepitaxial growth of thin films onto InP wafers which allows the use of liftoff procedures already known for photovoltaic systems. 18,19 The removal of the thin film photocathodes from the growth substrate is thereby possible after fabrication of the devices. This approach reduces production costs, which is a decisive factor for many III-V devices. In this report, we evaluate the applicability of homoepitaxial devices with emphasis in...

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Efficient Solar to Chemical Conversion: 12% Efficient Photoassisted Electrolysis in the [p-type InP(Ru)]/HCl-KCl/Pt(Rh) Cell

Cited by 218 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of Pt, Ni, and Ni–Mo electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution on crystalline Si electrodes

Evaluation of Pt, Ni, and Ni–Mo electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution on crystalline Si electrodes

Photoelectrocatalysis: principles, nanoemitter applications and routes to bio-inspired systems

Photoelectrochemical Conditioning of MOVPE p-InP Films for Light-Induced Hydrogen Evolution: Chemical, Electronic and Optical Properties

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