Efficient vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for infrared illumination applications

Seurin, Jean-Francois; Xu, Guoyang; Guo, Baiming; Miglo, Alexander; Wang, Qing; Pradhan, Prachi; Wynn, J. D.; Khalfin, V.; Zou, W. X.; Ghosh, Chuni; Leeuwen, Robert van

doi:10.1117/12.873933

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…While it is possible to generate laser emission with low spatial coherence, for instance using a long multimode fiber and a broadband laser [7][8][9][10] or by fabricating an array of mutually incoherent lasers [11], or tailoring the spatial coherence of random lasers [12,13], these techniques cannot be applied to reduce the speckle of an arbitrary off-the-shelf laser operating at any frequency and bandwidth. Instead, most speckle reduction techniques generate different speckle patterns sequentially and perform the speckle averaging in time to reduce the effective speckle contrast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-loss high-speed speckle reduction using a colloidal dispersion

et al. 2013

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We present a simple and robust approach to reduce laser speckle, which has limited the adoption of lasers in imaging and display applications. We use colloidal solutions that can quickly reduce speckle contrast due to the Brownian motion of the scattering particles. The high insertion loss associated with propagation through a colloidal solution was overcome by using white paint to cover the sides of the cuvette and an optical fiber to deliver the laser light deep into the colloidal solution, enabling transmission greater than 90%. The diffused laser output followed a Lambertian distribution and produced speckle contrast below 4% at an integration time of 129 μs. The ability for colloidal solutions to achieve fast speckle reduction without power consumption while maintaining high transmission, low cost, a compact size, and a long lifetime makes our approach useful for a wide range of laser imaging and projection applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-loss high-speed speckle reduction using a colloidal dispersion

et al. 2013

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“…3,4 Large 2D arrays of VCSELs have been used as illuminators and for industrial thermal processing. 5,6 Single VCSEL devices generally operate at optical output powers of several mW, especially when designed for data rates of 10 Gb/s or higher. Large optical output powers have been attained by building simultaneously-addressed arrays of VCSELs on common substrates or on multiple substrates.…”

Section: Vcsel Array Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

High-speed and scalable high-power VCSEL arrays and their applications

Warren¹,

Carson²,

Joseph³

et al. 2015

SPIE Proceedings

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A unique architecture for two-dimensional arrays of VCSELs that allow for simultaneous high-power output and highbandwidth modulation has been developed for a variety of applications. The arrays use integrated micro-lenses for beam shaping and control, and to enable incoherent beam combining to make compact, high-brightness sources with low coherence noise. The fabrication and performance of the laser arrays are reviewed and sample applications are discussed. VCSEL ARRAY TECHNOLOGYVertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) have been used in short-wavelength multi-mode fiber optic communications systems for over twenty years. Individual devices have achieved efficient operation with modulation speeds in excess of 40 Gb/s at both the 850 nm and 980 nm wavelengths. 1,2 VCSELs have also been shown to be effective and robust in extreme temperature and radiation environments. 3,4 Large 2D arrays of VCSELs have been used as illuminators and for industrial thermal processing. 5,6 Single VCSEL devices generally operate at optical output powers of several mW, especially when designed for data rates of 10 Gb/s or higher. Large optical output powers have been attained by building simultaneously-addressed arrays of VCSELs on common substrates or on multiple substrates. 7,8 These arrayed devices are usually designed for low modulation bandwidth. The primary limiting factor is additive bulk capacitance when the individual VCSEL devices are combined into an array for parallel operation.Previously, we described a back-emitting VCSEL array technology that is scalable to >100 mW in power output, yet can be modulated at up to 10 Gb/s. 9 Here we present results that apply to the use of this approach in two-dimensional VCSEL arrays for short range NIR illumination and 3D flash LIDAR.

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“…[13][14][15] The 808-nm pulsed laser sources are also used in the medical field for skin-care related cosmetic applications such as hair removal, [16] and they also used as industrial and military infra-red illumination sources. [17,18] Compared with the conventional 808-nm edge-emitting semiconductor lasers, VCSELs have good wavelength stability for varying environment temperatures. The VCSELs also exhibit a small divergence angle and circular output beam, which is conducive to the collimation or focusing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved thermal property of strained InGaAlAs/AlGaAs quantum wells for 808-nm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

Zhao¹,

Xun²,

Pan³

et al. 2022

Chinese Phys. B

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The 808-nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with strained In0.13Ga0.75Al0.12As/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum wells is designed and fabricated. Compared with the VCSELs with Al0.05Ga0.95As/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum wells, the VCSEL with strained In0.13Ga0.75Al0.12As/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum wells is demonstrated to possess higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) and better temperature stability. The maximum PCE of 43.8% for 10-μm VCSEL is achieved at an ambient temperature of 30 °C. The size-dependent thermal characteristics are also analyzed by characterizing the spectral power and output power. It demonstrates that small oxide-aperture VCSELs are advantageous for temperature-stable performance.

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Efficient vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for infrared illumination applications

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Low-loss high-speed speckle reduction using a colloidal dispersion

Low-loss high-speed speckle reduction using a colloidal dispersion

High-speed and scalable high-power VCSEL arrays and their applications

Improved thermal property of strained InGaAlAs/AlGaAs quantum wells for 808-nm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

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