Efficient Wireless Power Transfer System for Implantable Medical Devices Using Circular Polarized Antennas

Shaw, Tarakeswar; Samanta, G. P.; Mitra, Debasis

doi:10.1109/tap.2020.3044636

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…SAR value differs for each type of human tissue because of the variability in tissue conductivity. Nevertheless, by controlling the power at the transmitter side of the WPT system, the output power can be kept within the safety recommendation of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to avoid adverse thermal effects and related harmful effects on health 4 . However, when the implant is placed in the area with a maximum field region, it significantly affects the distribution of the electric field.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies are actively being developed and deployed across an extensive range of charging applications, including various electronic devices, electric vehicles, 1 drones, 2 biomedical sensors (BMSs), 3 and biomedical implants (BMIs). 4 Batteries used in BMIs have fixed capacities, limited lifespans, and risk of chemical leakage into the body. Thus, replacing diminished BMI batteries exposes the user to repeated risk of surgical complications (e.g., infection, hemorrhage, and reaction to anesthesia), as well as the high cost of surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wireless charging for cardiac pacemakers based on class‐D power amplifier and a series–parallel spider‐web coil

Mahmood

Gharghan

Eldosoky

et al. 2022

Circuit Theory & Apps

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Biomedical implants (BMIs) and biomedical sensors (BMSs) help to improve quality of life, detect diseases, provide monitoring of vital signs, and take over the role of malfunctioning organs. These implants and sensors require continuous battery power to work effectively, but the batteries used are restricted by their limited capacity and lifetime. This research reported here involved the design and implementation of a wireless charging system based on a seriesparallel spider-web coil (WPT-SP-SWC), specifically for cardiac pacemakers. The experimental design investigated several important parameters, including air gap, applied source voltage, coil size, and operating frequency. Performance metrics were evaluated in terms of output DC voltage, delivered output power, and power transfer efficiency. The target voltage was 5 V, which is adequate to charge a BMI such as a pacemaker, and three source voltages (5, 15, and 25 V) were tested. The design was examined at six operating frequencies, ranging from 1.78 MHz to 6.78 MHz. The most favorable results were achieved at 1.78 MHz. Power transfer efficiencies at a 10 mm air gap were 95.75% and 92.08% for applied voltages of 5 V and 15 V, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed system was also validated by comparing the findings with previous articles.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Wireless charging for cardiac pacemakers based on class‐D power amplifier and a series–parallel spider‐web coil

Mahmood

Gharghan

Eldosoky

et al. 2022

Circuit Theory & Apps

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In particular, mid-range applications made in the radiative near-field or far-field region have gained significant attention. The traditional WPT operating in the VHF band has focused on a non-radiative near-field region, and the use of high-frequency applications in recent years permits the use of WPT systems realized in a radiative near-field region, which are known as “radiative mid-range” [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. The mid-range applications allow the device to communicate through using the radiation characteristics of two antennas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Analysis of Radiative Mid-Range Wireless Link for Pacemakers

Kim

Choi

Lee

2022

Sensors

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The development of a wireless link for biomedical applications requires an accurate estimation of the delivered power to implanted devices. In particular, a variety of mid-range applications in the biomedical area have gained significant attention. An appropriate method for the mid-range wireless link is required to implement a continuous wireless link through human tissue. Even though formulas used in this work are all based on previous works, this paper presents an implementation of the diverse formulas for the mid-range wireless link of an implanted antenna used for a pacemaker system based on the understanding on radiation properties varied with the distances from the antenna. The formulas based on input far-field data are successfully applied to compute the power transmission for the implanted devices, whose range includes radiative near-field and far-field regions. The wireless link for a pacemaker system is evaluated through using a patch antenna immersed with different depths of human tissue. A comparison of the computed and measured results shows an excellent agreement where the validity of the evaluation is demonstrated.

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“…Recent developments in power electronics in reference to switching devices have made an impact in the field of wireless power charging, which has evolved its concept from low power to high power applications because of its safe, reliable, and convenient charging techniques. Especially, after the success of wireless mobile charging in the present market, the topics related to wireless power transfer (WPT) have expanded to medical [1][2][3], automobile [4][5][6][7], and automation areas [8][9][10][11][12][13]. In the past decade, inductive wireless power transfer (IPT) and resonant wireless power transfer have drawn tremendous attention in both industry and academic fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Study: Influence of Circuit Impedance on the Performance of Class-E2 Resonant Power Converter for Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer

Bezawada

Zhang

2021

Electronics

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The evolution of power electronics led to rapid development in wireless charging technology; as a result, a single active switch topology was introduced. The present market utilizes inductive wireless power transfer (IPT); because of the disadvantages of cost, size, and safety concerns, research on wireless power transfer was diverted towards capacitive wireless power transfer (CPT). This paper studies the optimal impedance tracking of the capacitive wireless power transfer system for maximum power transfer. Compared to prior methods developed for maximum power point tracking in power control, this paper proposes a new approach by means of finding impedance characteristics of the CPT system for a certain range of frequencies. Considering the drone battery as an application, a single active switch Class-E2 resonant converter with circular coupling plates is utilized. Impedance characteristics are identified with the help of equations related to the input and resonant impedance. The impedance tracking is laid out for various resonant inductors, and the difference in current peak is observed for each case. Simulations verify and provide additional information on the reactive type. Additionally, hardware tests provide the variation of input current and output voltage for a range of frequencies from 70 kHz to 300 kHz. Efficiency at the optimal impedance points for a resonant inductor with 50 μH and 100 μH are tested and analyzed. It is noted that the efficiency for a resonant inductor with 50 μH is 8% higher compared to the CPT with a 100 μH resonant inductor. Further hardware tests were performed to investigate the impact of frequency and duty cycle variation. Zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) limits have been discussed with respect to both frequency and duty cycle.

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Efficient Wireless Power Transfer System for Implantable Medical Devices Using Circular Polarized Antennas

Cited by 44 publications

References 45 publications

Wireless charging for cardiac pacemakers based on class‐D power amplifier and a series–parallel spider‐web coil

Wireless charging for cardiac pacemakers based on class‐D power amplifier and a series–parallel spider‐web coil

Revisiting the Analysis of Radiative Mid-Range Wireless Link for Pacemakers

A Case Study: Influence of Circuit Impedance on the Performance of Class-E2 Resonant Power Converter for Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer

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