“…HIBAS has important implications for fields that use 3D lidar data in real-time applications, such as robotics and autonomous driving, where the handling of large point clouds is a crucial task. In these fields, the use of advanced sensor technologies, such as lidar, has led to the generation of voluminous and multifaceted point clouds that cannot be applied directly to real-time perception problems (Nguyen et al, 2019), such as simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) (Chen et al, 2022), 3D object reconstruction (Karami et al, 2022), 3D environment exploration (Butkiewicz et al, 2008), object detection (Burkert et al, 2011), classification (Mayr et al, 2017) and segmentation (Awwad et al, 2010). By reducing the size of the point cloud and simplifying the data, the proposed method can facilitate the development of real-time applications that require high accuracy and low computational cost (Han et al, 2022).…”