Einfluß von HCl und Cl<sub>2</sub> auf die Hochtemperaturkorrosion des 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo‐Stahls in Atmosphären mit hohen Sauerstoffdrücken

Bramhoff, D.; Grabke, H. J.; Reese, E.; Schmidt, Harald

doi:10.1002/maco.19900410602

Cited by 48 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…At elevated temperatures that occur in the plant, iron chloride will partly evaporate and diffuse to the surface of the oxide scale. Residual oxygen in the fume gases will oxidize the chlorides to iron oxides and release the chlorine for further corrosion [8]. The resulting oxide scale is porous and has no protective properties.…”

Section: Materials Concepts For Coatings In Highly Corrosive Atmosphermentioning

confidence: 98%

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Material concepts for coatings in highly corrosive atmospheres

Wilden

Drescher²,

Schütze

et al. 2010

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Although well known, corrosion processes are still a problem for technical constructions. Although different coating technologies and materials have been developed and approved to prevent base metals from being destroyed, industrial applications dealing with aggressive atmospheres, require new material concepts to protect them. Using the example of two different applications, on the one hand heat exchangers in waste incineration plants and on the other hand permanent-molds used for casting non-ferrous metals, innovative material concepts for corrosion protection are given. Heat exchangers in waste incineration plants are exposed to highly corrosive atmospheres especially due to high temperatures in combination with chlorine containing atmospheres. Wire arc sprayed coatings made of iron-based alloys containing chromium, silicon and boron provide a new approach for these applications and, compared to standard nickel-based alloys, they are cheaper and potentially more resistant coatings. In the case of permanent-molds corrosion, mainly occurs due to direct dissolution of the base material by the liquid metal. Tungsten-based pseudoalloys are known to be extremely resistant against liquid metals and therefore sintered inlays of these materials are sometimes used in extremely stressed regions. These materials have not previously been applied as a coating. Therefore different coating technologies have to be considered and the metallurgical behaviour of the material due to the associated higher cooling rates must be investigated.

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Section: Materials Concepts For Coatings In Highly Corrosive Atmosphermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Additionally the adhesion of the oxide layer to the base material is reduced by the evaporation of iron chloride. Internal stresses in the oxide scale can also cause its premature spalling [6,8,9].…”

Section: Materials Concepts For Coatings In Highly Corrosive Atmosphermentioning

confidence: 99%

Material concepts for coatings in highly corrosive atmospheres

Wilden

Drescher²,

Schütze

et al. 2010

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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“…(Ptot=1 atm). The initial parameters correspond to conditions of the experiment described in [8]. Calculations for the Deacon reaction (4) show a formation of steam and chlorine in equilibrium concentrations = = 8.5 • 10 .…”

Section: Chloride-induced Corrosion Process Of Iron -A Thermodynamic mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Chloride-induced corrosion rate of iron and selected steel grades in Ar/He-O2-HCl atmosphere was examined in [6,7,8,9,10]. The oxidation of iron exposed to alkali and heavy metal chlorides and sulfates mixtures was discussed in [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride corrosion in biomass-fired boilers – Fe-O-Cl system thermodynamic analysis

Kaczmarczyk

Mlonka-Mędrala

2016

E3S Web Conf.

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Abstract. The most common and easiest alternative technologies for conventional fossil fuel combustion are biomass combustion and co-combustion. However, high-chlorine fuels (Cl ar >0,2%) like: biomass, waste and high chlorine coals generate the risk of intensified corrosion process and a limited steel mechanical strength is observed.The paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of chloride-induced corrosion in the Fe-O-Cl system. The ranges of the metallic, oxide and chloride phase stability are determined within the temperature range T = 750-1000 K. Based on the parametric equations the equilibrium concentration of gaseous phase determined by Deacon reaction are presented. The effect of H 2 O concentration in the gaseous phase on high-temperature corrosion process and gaseous NaCl influence on NaFeO 2 formation in the passive oxide scale layer (FeO/Fe 3 O 4 /Fe 2 O 3 ) are discussed as well. The results are correlated with available in the literature laboratory experimental data and industrial corrosion process observations. Presented thermodynamic analysis is compared with assumptions of "active oxidation" model. The results may be used for experimental research prediction and a corrosion prevention in the industry.

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“…At high temperature, in reducing atmosphere rich in HCl, the reaction of iron and hydrochloric acid in ash deposits layer was described in [11]. In [6,[12][13][14][15] the high temperature corrosion process was observed in oxidizing conditions (5% O2) with 500-3000 ppm HCl and the metal chlorides were formed according to an active oxidation mechanism. In [5] the corrosion process was analysed under solid chlorides mixtures: KCl-ZnCl2 in an oxidizing atmosphere (Ar-O2).…”

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confidence: 99%

A thermodynamic analysis of chloride corrosion in biomass-fired boilers for Fe-O-Cl-S system

Kaczmarczyk

Mlonka-Mędrala

Gurgul³

2017

E3S Web Conf.

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Abstract. The paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of chlorideinduced corrosion in the Fe-O-Cl-S system. The influence of steam concentration in the gas phase on chloride-induced corrosion process was presented. Based on the parametric equations the equilibrium concentration of the gas phase was determined. The effect of alkali metals chlorides in gas phase (Na,K)Cl on formation of (Na,K)FeO2 in the passive oxide scale layer (FeO/Fe3O4/Fe2O3) was analysed. Condensation of (Na,K)Cl vapors, formation of low-melting eutectic mixtures in deposits and consequences of this process on corrosion process were examined. Additionally, the role of SO2 in chlorination and oxidation process of steel in melted ash deposits was discussed as well. The results were correlated with available in the literature laboratory experimental data and industrial corrosion process observations. Presented thermodynamic analysis was compared with assumptions of an "active oxidation" model. The results may be used for experimental research planning and a corrosion process prevention in the industry.

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Einfluß von HCl und Cl₂ auf die Hochtemperaturkorrosion des 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo‐Stahls in Atmosphären mit hohen Sauerstoffdrücken

Cited by 48 publications

References 22 publications

Material concepts for coatings in highly corrosive atmospheres

Material concepts for coatings in highly corrosive atmospheres

Chloride corrosion in biomass-fired boilers – Fe-O-Cl system thermodynamic analysis

A thermodynamic analysis of chloride corrosion in biomass-fired boilers for Fe-O-Cl-S system

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Einfluß von HCl und Cl2 auf die Hochtemperaturkorrosion des 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo‐Stahls in Atmosphären mit hohen Sauerstoffdrücken

Cited by 48 publications

References 22 publications

Material concepts for coatings in highly corrosive atmospheres

Material concepts for coatings in highly corrosive atmospheres

Chloride corrosion in biomass-fired boilers – Fe-O-Cl system thermodynamic analysis

A thermodynamic analysis of chloride corrosion in biomass-fired boilers for Fe-O-Cl-S system

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Einfluß von HCl und Cl₂ auf die Hochtemperaturkorrosion des 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo‐Stahls in Atmosphären mit hohen Sauerstoffdrücken