El bienestar psicológico en la adolescencia: variables psicológicas asociadas y predictoras

Abstract

El bienestar psicológico parece estar asociado con hábitos de vida saludable, con variables de personalidad positivas y ausencia de síntomas clínicos relevantes. Este estudio pretende: (1) describir las diferencias de género y edad en las variables: hábitos de vida, variables psicológicas positivas y variables clínicas; (2) analizar correlaciones entre las variables estudiadas y el bienestar psicológico; (3) investigar las variables predictivas del bienestar psicológico. Se trabajó con 1.075 participantes de ambos sexos entre 13 y 18 años, 514 varones (47.8%), 542 tenían entre 13-15 años (50.4%. Fueron evaluados con la Escala de bienestar psicológico; Encuesta de hábitos de vida; Escala de autoestima de Rosenberg (1965); Escala de autoestima corporal; Inventario de síntomas psicopatológicos SCL 90-R. Los resultados confirman diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los hábitos de vida, con puntuaciones superiores los varones y los de menor edad. En las variables de personalidad positivas los varones superan significativamente a las mujeres y en las negativas a la inversa. Se confirma que a mejor rendimiento académico, más ejercicio físico, mejor alimentación, sueño y menor consumo de tabaco, alcohol y drogas, mayor bienestar subjetivo. A puntuaciones más elevadas en variables positivas mayor bienestar psicológico. Predice el 56% del bienestar psicológico: autoconcepto, baja depresión, buena calidad del sueño, autoestima corporal, baja emocionabilidad y alto rendimiento académico.

Benefits of Physical Activity and Its Associations with Resilience, Emotional Intelligence, and Psychological Distress in University Students from Southern Spain

“…In addition, the present work verifies that university students who meet minimum physical activity recommendations also show lower levels of psychological distress relative to other classmates. This is in accordance with ideas presented by Maganto-Mateo, Peris-Hernández, and Sánchez-Cabrero [39]. In this sense, the greater the amount of physical activity performed, the greater the psychological well-being of the individual.…”

Impact of the Mass Media on Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Psychological Well-Being and Physical Activity. Structural Equation Analysis

“…Based on the above, it should be noted that low levels of physical activity and unhealthy behaviours among young adults and adolescents are a cause for concern and lead to significant socio-health problems [ 23 ]. In this sense, Meganto-Mateo et al [ 24 ] showed that physical activity and an optimal diet are associated with greater psychological well-being, because these people perceive themselves as healthier, have lower levels of stress and have a better mood compared to people who do not engage in physical exercise. For the use and implementation of healthy physical activity, the guidelines proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) [ 25 ], which state that around 27.5% of adults and 81% of adolescents do not comply with them, which causes serious problems in terms of non-communicable diseases and mental health, should be considered.…”

Coping Strategies in the Spanish Population: The Role in Consequences of COVID-19 on Mental Health

“…It has also been confirmed that young women caregivers are the group showing the highest stress levels ( 22 ) and those who perceive strong threat from COVID-19 ( 24 ). Age is a variable which also seems to influence the choice of coping strategies ( 22 , 25 , 26 ) as does education ( 24 ). However, no differences in the use of coping strategies by education level were found in the study by Amazue and Onyishi ( 27 ).…”