Electrical Response to Organic Vapor of Conductive Composites from Amorphous Polymer/Carbon Black Prepared by Polymerization Filling

Li, Jun Rong; Xu, Jia; Zhang, Ming Qiu; Rong, Min Zhi

doi:10.1002/mame.200390002

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…polymerization filling, that is, in-situ polymerization of the monomers in the presence of the conducting fillers. [9] Grunlan et al used particulate polymer starting materials (i.e., latex and water-dispersible powder) and prepared CB/ poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) composites with a percolation threshold near 2.5 vol.-% of CB. [10] In fact, their technical route is based on a nonrandom segregated distribution of CB particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By examining the above works, it is found that (i) the reduction of the dimensionality of the conduction pathways, for example, by placing CB in a two-dimensional space such as an interface of the components using the concept of segregated structure, [7] and (ii) improvement of the intimate contacts between CB and the matrix, [9] are critical for significantly decreasing the percolation threshold. According to these mechanisms, the authors of the present work used waterborne polyurethane (WPU) latex as a matrix to explore the possibility of reducing the conduction percolation of CB in binary composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of Binary Conductive Polymer Composites with Very Low Percolation Threshold by Latex Blending

Jian

Zhang³

et al. 2003

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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The communication reports a way to prepare carbon black (CB)/waterborne polyurethane conducting composites with percolation thresholds as low as 0.2 vol.‐% through conventional latex blending. CB particles in the composites appear segregated in their distribution and are located in the two‐dimensional interstices among the polymer domains. The intimate filler/matrix interaction also improves the tensile strength of the matrix at the CB content corresponding to the electrical percolation threshold.Room temperature conductivity, σ, and tensile strength as a function of carbon black (CB) concentration of the waterborne‐polyurethane‐based composites prepared by latex blending.magnified imageRoom temperature conductivity, σ, and tensile strength as a function of carbon black (CB) concentration of the waterborne‐polyurethane‐based composites prepared by latex blending.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Binary Conductive Polymer Composites with Very Low Percolation Threshold by Latex Blending

Jian

Zhang³

et al. 2003

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…The electric resistance measurements, the investigation of its vapor-sensing performance and detecting device were all performed in accordance with our previous work (Li et al 2003b). The electrical response of the composites to organic solvent vapors was measured by hanging the electrode coated with composites film in a glass conical flask containing pure solvent (methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, benzene, and phenixin) at the bottom.…”

Section: Vapor-sensing Performance Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Graphite/Cellulose Composite Film as a Candidate for Chemical Vapor-Sensing Material

Liu

Qian

et al. 2014

BioResources

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A type of conductive graphite/cellulose composite film used for chemical vapor-sensing material was prepared at room temperature in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIm]Cl). Graphite was pretreated with both oxidation and reduction processes. Due to the use of N,N-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), as a covalent cross-linking agent in [BMIm]Cl, there were limited chemical bonds between the graphite and cellulose. The composite film was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XRD). When these conducting films were exposed to certain organic vapors, their electrical resistances quickly changed, showing gas sensitivity. The percolation threshold of the conducting film was about 5 wt%. The gas-sensing behavior of these films in solvent were the opposite of those gas-sensing materials based on a non-polar polymer matrix. A typical negative vapor coefficient (NVC) was observed when the film was placed in polar organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and acetone.

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“…In this context, lower molecular weight matrix would result in higher responsivity to organic vapors instead. 19 Therefore, there would be an optimum molecular weight specified for each polymer serving as the matrix of the chemisensor. In other words, the matrix polymer of conducting composites used as gas sensors should possess appropriate molecular weight to ensure sufficiently high response and response rate.…”

Section: Solution-blended Cb/pmma Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Narkis et al 8,17 indicated that the sensitivity of carbon black filled immiscible polymer blends to organic solvents depends on blending composition, nature of the constituting components, interfacial feature, and production shear level. In our previous works, [18][19][20] polymerization filling was employed to synthesize amorphous polymers based composites, which exhibit sufficient vapor sensibility and reproducibility. The content of carbon black, testing temperature and organic solvent species exert important influences on the electrical response of the composites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Processing on Electric Response of Carbon Black Filled Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composites against Organic Solvent Vapors

Dong¹,

Fu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2003

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:Carbon black filled poly(methyl methacrylate) (CB/PMMA) composites were fabricated by solution mixing and polymerization filling, respectively. The effects of processing conditions on electrical conductivity of the composites and their electric responsivity against organic solvent vapors were investigated. The experimental results showed that molecular weight of the polymer matrix, carbon black content, and the composite film thickness greatly influence the response behaviors of the composites in solvent vapors. Furthermore, the composites prepared by polymerization filling have higher gas sensitivity, response rate, recovery rate, and reproducibility as compared to the composites by solution mixing. The sensing performance of the composites is found to be closely related to the microstructure of the materials, which provides possibilities for further improve the overall properties of the composites by altering the processing parameters.KEY WORDS Carbon Black / Poly(methyl Methacrylate) / Conductive Polymer Composites / Gas Sensor / Processing / Dispersion of carbon black into an insulating polymeric matrix yields a conductive composite material characterized by a sharp decrease of its electrical resistivity when the filler content is increased above a critical value called percolation threshold. 1, 2 One of the most attractive features of these composites lies in their positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect, 3, 4 which describes a switching from low to high resistance as temperature approaches the melting point of the matrix, and can be used to produce polymer based selfregulating heaters, microswitches, etc. In fact, a similar change has also been observed in the composites when facing organic solvents or vapors. 5-8 Absorption of the solvent or vapor into the composite is believed to cause a significant variation in electrical resistance by influencing the length of percolation paths between carbon black particles within the composite due to swelling or dissolution of the polymer matrix. 9, 10 On the basis of this feature, the composites are capable of acting as chemiresistors or electronic noses to detect, distinguish, and quantify various solvents or solvent vapors and might find applications in chemical, medical, automotive, food, and fragrances. 11-13 So far, it is known that the sensing materials have many advantages, including easy fabrication with cost effectiveness, stability in many different environments, rapid response rate and high sensitivity to the targets, high selectivity, and miniature design.With respect to the study on the conductive composites as chemisensors in the aspect of materials development, however, not many published reports are available because it is a relatively new area. Tsubokawa and co-workers 6, 14-16 modified carbon black surface by grafting polymerization, and found that the content and dispersity of the fillers, and crystallinity and molecular weight of the matrix notably influence the electrical responsivity, reproducibility and stability of the composit...

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Electrical Response to Organic Vapor of Conductive Composites from Amorphous Polymer/Carbon Black Prepared by Polymerization Filling

Cited by 31 publications

References 21 publications

Preparation of Binary Conductive Polymer Composites with Very Low Percolation Threshold by Latex Blending

Preparation of Binary Conductive Polymer Composites with Very Low Percolation Threshold by Latex Blending

Conducting Graphite/Cellulose Composite Film as a Candidate for Chemical Vapor-Sensing Material

Effects of Processing on Electric Response of Carbon Black Filled Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composites against Organic Solvent Vapors

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