Electrical Surge-Protection Devices for Industrial Facilities—A Tutorial Review

Samaras, K.; Sandberg, C.; Saimas, C.J.; Koulaxouzidis, Andreas

doi:10.1109/tia.2006.886994

Cited by 22 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…A review of stroke parameters is given by Rakov and Uman [2003] and Chowdhuri et al [2005]. A review of lightning interaction with power systems is given by, e.g., Rakov [2001], Ianoz [2007] and Samaras et al [2007]. The influence of an instrumented tower on lightning parameters is generally not confirmed by observations [e.g., International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE), 1997; Rakov, 2003;Visacro and Silveira, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency distributions of some parameters of negative downward lightning flashes based on accurate‐stroke‐count studies

Ballarotti¹,

Medeiros²,

Saba³

et al. 2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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This paper presents some parameters of negative cloud‐to‐ground lightning flashes in terms of frequency distribution. All data are based on so‐called “accurate‐stroke‐count studies” from different climatological regions in the world and were already published in the literature with the exception of our measurements. We used GPS synchronized data from two digital high‐speed cameras (at 1–8,000 frames/sec). The parameters considered in this study are: (1) continuing current duration, (2) time intervals between strokes, (3) number of strokes per flash and (4) total flash duration. The analysis includes Berger's data of Monte San Salvatore (Switzerland), which is the basis for lightning protection standards. The comparison suggests that despite of overall agreement of those parameters that some of them, currently used in protection standards, should be revised in order to be more realistic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency distributions of some parameters of negative downward lightning flashes based on accurate‐stroke‐count studies

Ballarotti¹,

Medeiros²,

Saba³

et al. 2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…8 shows the voltage-current, V-I, characteristic curve of the SPD for impulse currents up to 30 kA, that is dominated by the non-linear resistance, R(I), of the MOV together with minor added components of the arc resistance of the GDT and the intrinsic resistance of the SPD conductive path. R(I) can be mathematically described as follows: 𝑅(𝐼) = 𝑉(𝐼)/𝐼 = [𝑎 5 (𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝐼)) 5 + 𝑎 4 (𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝐼)) 4 + 𝑎 3 (𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝐼)) 3 +𝑎 2 (𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝐼)) 2 + 𝑎 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝐼) + 𝑎 0 ] / 𝐼.…”

Section: B Resistive Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Methodology for Modeling Surge Protective Devices: An Application to DC SPDs for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Tsovilis,

Hadjicostas,

Staikos

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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This work introduces an experimental methodology for time-domain modeling of low-voltage surge protective devices (SPDs), accounting for their sparkover performance as well as their resistive, inductive, and capacitive behavior. The modeling procedure is demonstrated through an application to a combination type SPD connected to the DC side of electric vehicle charging stations. An equivalent circuit model is developed based on experimental records acquired from applied voltages and currents of a wide frequency range and energy content. The developed lumped-circuit model yields results in very good agreement with experimental data regarding sparkover voltage, residual voltage, and energy absorption of SPDs, as illustrated through ATP-EMTP simulations. The proposed methodology can be an effective tool for surge protection and insulation coordination studies.

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“…Lightning can lead to severe damage not only by direct strike but also via electromagnetic coupling. With the fast development of electronics and information technology, the loss caused by lightning electromagnetic fields becomes more noticeable year by year [Rakov and Uman, 2003;Rakov and Rachidi, 2009;Miyazaki et al, 2010;Samaras et al, 2007]. Since lightning current is the source producing electromagnetic fields, it is important to investigate the relationship between lightning current and lightning electromagnetic fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approximate expressions for lightning electromagnetic fields at near and far ranges: Influence of return‐stroke speed

2015

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The waveforms of lightning return-stroke electromagnetic fields on ground are studied using the transmission line model. Approximate expressions to calculate lightning electromagnetic fields at near and far ranges are presented. It is found that the waveforms of lightning electric and magnetic fields in the time domain at both near and far ranges can be expressed approximately as the channel-base current waveform multiplied by a factor which is a function of the return-stroke speed v and the horizontal distance r between the return-stroke channel and the observation point on ground. The ranges at which the approximate expressions are valid are determined. The ranges of validity increase with increasing the return-stroke speed, and the near and far field approximate expressions converge to the exact formula as the return-stroke speed approaches the speed of light.

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Electrical Surge-Protection Devices for Industrial Facilities—A Tutorial Review

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

Frequency distributions of some parameters of negative downward lightning flashes based on accurate‐stroke‐count studies

Frequency distributions of some parameters of negative downward lightning flashes based on accurate‐stroke‐count studies

An Experimental Methodology for Modeling Surge Protective Devices: An Application to DC SPDs for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations

Approximate expressions for lightning electromagnetic fields at near and far ranges: Influence of return‐stroke speed

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