Electrically-enhanced microextraction combined with maltodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis for quantification of tolterodine enantiomers in biological samples

Fakhari, Ali Reza; Tabani, Hadi; Behdad, Hamideh; Nojavan, Saeed; Taghizadeh, Mohsen

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2012.06.010

Cited by 48 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The first EME publication used nonpolar basic drugs as model analytes, and in this paper, 2‐nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) was discovered to be an efficient SLM solvent . During recent years, a large number of EME papers have utilized small molecule ( M w < 600) basic drugs as model analytes, and these have generally been extracted efficiently with NPOE as the SLM as long as their log P range from 2.0–5.5 . Other nitro‐aromatic solvents have also been used with success including 1‐ethyl‐2‐nitrobenzene (ENB) and 1‐isopropyl‐4‐nitrobenzene (IPNB) .…”

Section: Mass Transfer In Eme With Different Liquid Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass transfer in electromembrane extraction—The link between theory and experiments

Huang

Jensen

Seip

et al. 2015

J of Separation Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electromembrane extraction was introduced in 2006 as a totally new sample preparation concept for the extraction of charged analytes present in aqueous samples. Electromembrane extraction is based on electrokinetic migration of the analytes through a supported liquid membrane and into a μL-volume of acceptor solution under the influence of an external electrical field. To date, electromembrane extraction has mostly been used for the extraction of drug substances, amino acids, and peptides from biological fluids, and for organic micropollutants from environmental samples. Electromembrane extraction has typically been combined with chromatography, mass spectrometry, and electrophoresis for analyte separation and detection. At the moment, close to 125 research papers have been published with focus on electromembrane extraction. Electromembrane extraction is a hybrid technique between electrophoresis and liquid-liquid extraction, and the fundamental principles for mass transfer have only partly been investigated. Thus, although there is great interest in electromembrane extraction, the fundamental principle for mass transfer has to be described in more detail for the scientific acceptance of the concept. This review summarizes recent efforts to describe the fundamentals of mass transfer in electromembrane extraction, and aim to give an up-to-date understanding of the processes involved.

show abstract

Section: Mass Transfer In Eme With Different Liquid Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass transfer in electromembrane extraction—The link between theory and experiments

Huang

Jensen

Seip

et al. 2015

J of Separation Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The examined levels of these factors are given in Supporting Information Table 1. These levels were selected based on previous works . The normalized peak area for each run was selected as the response objective for the study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrokinetic transport by applying two electrodes, one in the donor aqueous sample and the other in the aqueous acceptor solution and an electrical potential difference between them, can overcome this major drawback in the extraction time . This new concept is called electromembrane extraction (EME) that has been used for the extraction of several basic and acidic drugs with different log P values from biological and environmental samples . Charged analytes in the DP migrate across the SLM, toward the electrode of opposite charge in the AP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of high nitrogen doped graphene as a new cationic carrier in electromembrane extraction

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper proposes for the first time, the use of high nitrogen doped graphene (HND-G) as a new cationic carrier for the enhancement of electromembrane extraction (EME) performance. Sensitivity of EME was improved by the modification of supported liquid membrane composition through the addition of HND-G into 1-octanol for the extraction of naproxen and sodium diclofenac as model acidic drugs. The comparison between HND-G-modified EME and conventional EME showed that HND-G could increase the overall partition coefficient of acidic drugs in the membrane due to the fact that HND-G acts as an ion pair reagent and there is an electrostatic interaction between positively charged HND-G and acidic drugs with negative charge. During the extraction, model acidic drugs migrated from a 10 mL aqueous sample solution (pH 9.6) through a thin layer of 1-octanol containing 0.6% w/v of HND-G that was impregnated in the pores of a hollow fiber, into a 30 μL basic aqueous acceptor solution (pH 12.3) present in the lumen of the hollow fiber. Equilibrium extraction conditions were obtained after 16 min of operation with the whole assembly agitated at 1000 rpm. Under the optimized conditions, the enrichment factors were between 238 and 322 and also the LODs ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 ng/mL in different samples. Finally, the applicability of this method was evaluated by the extraction and determination of drugs of interest in real urine samples.

show abstract

“…However, it should be noted that, the analyte must be ionic in both acceptor and donor phases. EME has been used as sample treatment of tri‐mipramine (Tri) and tolterodine for their determination in biological samples as human urine and plasma by chiral EKC‐UV methods. The optimization of different extraction parameters, such as organic solvent, time and voltage, pH in the acceptor solution and in the donor phase, and stirring rate, was carried out.…”

Section: Approaches To Improve the Detection Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

New approaches in sensitive chiral CE

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

CE has shown to have a big potential for chiral separations, with advantages such as high efficiency, high resolution, and low sample and reagents consumption. Nevertheless, when UV detection is employed, CE has some drawbacks, especially the low sensitivity obtained due to the short optical path length. Notwithstanding, sensitivity improvements can be achieved when different approaches are employed, such as sample treatment strategies (off-line or on-line), in-capillary sample preconcentration techniques, and/or alternative detection systems to UV-Vis (such as fluorescence, conductimetry, electrochemiluminiscence, MS, etc.). This article reviews the most recent methodological and instrumental advances reported from June 2011 to May 2013 for enhancing the sensitivity in chiral analysis by CE. The sensitivity achieved for the enantioseparated analytes and the applications carried out using the developed methodologies are also summarized.

show abstract

Electrically-enhanced microextraction combined with maltodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis for quantification of tolterodine enantiomers in biological samples

Cited by 48 publications

References 54 publications

Mass transfer in electromembrane extraction—The link between theory and experiments

Mass transfer in electromembrane extraction—The link between theory and experiments

Introduction of high nitrogen doped graphene as a new cationic carrier in electromembrane extraction

New approaches in sensitive chiral CE

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About