Electrically induced lipid migration in non-lamellar phase

Dual Nanofriction Force Microscopy/Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging Reveals the Enhanced Force Sensitivity of Polydiacetylene by pH and NaCl

“…Next, to understand the effect of the ionic strength, we repeated the experiment in HEPES buffer solution at different NaCl concentrations (pH was fixed at 7.4, Figure S3). Ten millimolar was selected as the minimum salt concentration as AFM does not work at 0 mM salt due to the too-strong electrostatic forces . The obtained ΔFluorescence vs lateral force plot (Figure a) presented a slight tendency that the slope coefficient increases as the NaCl concentration increases; however, this tendency is saturated above 100 mM (Figure b).…”

“…Ten millimolar was selected as the minimum salt concentration as AFM does not work at 0 mM salt due to the too-strong electrostatic forces. 36 The obtained ΔFluorescence vs lateral force plot (Figure 4a) presented a slight tendency that the slope coefficient increases as the NaCl concentration increases; however, this tendency is saturated above 100 mM (Figure 4b). Note that the friction coefficient between the tip and the glass was also measured under different NaCl concentrations and incorporated into the wedge calibration (see the Materials and Methods section and Figure S4).…”

Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Liposomes via Boronate-Caged Phosphatidylethanolamine

“…When negatively charged lipid 1 decomposes into zwitterionic DOPE, one might expect the ZP value to change more than we observed here. However, several groups have reported that DOPE liposomes exhibit surpris- ingly negative surface charges compared to PC liposomes, 62,63 indicating ZP measurements may not be an ideal method to probe changes in this case. This may be exacerbated by the unusual electronics of the boronate moiety of lipid 1.…”

Dual nano-friction force microscopy/fluorescence microscopy imaging reveals the enhanced force sensitivity of polydiacetylene by pH and NaCl

“…Next, to understand the effect of the ionic strength, we repeated the experiment in HEPES buffer solution at different NaCl concentrations (pH was fixed at 7.4). 10 mM was selected as the minimum salt concentration as AFM does not work at 0 mM salt due to the too-strong electrostatic forces 32 . The obtained ΔFluorescence vs lateral force plot (Figure 4a) presented a slight tendency that the slope coefficient rises as the NaCl concentration becomes higher, although above 100 mM this tendency is saturated (Figure 4b).…”