Electrically Tunable Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Terahertz Metasurface Modulators

Isić, Goran; Sinatkas, Georgios; Zografopoulos, Dimitrios C.; Vasić, Borislav; Ferraro, Antonio; Beccherelli, Romeo; Kriezis, Emmanouil E.; Belić, Milivoj R.

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2019.2893762

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Motivated by the important role of THz modulators in enabling THz technology in future wireless systems, the performance of several amplitude and phase modulators was examined for various materials and fabrication processes [60]- [67]. For example, silicon (Si) substrates, coated with effective materials such as gold [60] and manganese iron oxide [61], as well as graphene-based modulators [68], [69] are proven to offer a performance enhancement to the THz modulators by extending the transmission range and pumping power density, in addition to their tunability and high-speed characteristics.…”

Section: ) State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Prospective Look: Key Enabling Technologies, Applications and Open Research Topics in 6G Networks

et al. 2020

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The fifth generation (5G) mobile networks are envisaged to enable a plethora of breakthrough advancements in wireless technologies, providing support of a diverse set of services over a single platform. While the deployment of 5G systems is scaling up globally, it is time to look ahead for beyond 5G systems. This is mainly driven by the emerging societal trends, calling for fully automated systems and intelligent services supported by extended reality and haptics communications. To accommodate the stringent requirements of their prospective applications, which are data-driven and defined by extremely lowlatency, ultra-reliable, fast and seamless wireless connectivity, research initiatives are currently focusing on a progressive roadmap towards the sixth generation (6G) networks, which are expected to bring transformative changes to this premise. In this article, we shed light on some of the major enabling technologies for 6G, which are expected to revolutionize the fundamental architectures of cellular networks and provide multiple homogeneous artificial intelligence-empowered services, including distributed communications, control, computing, sensing, and energy, from its core to its end nodes. In particular, the present paper aims to answer several 6G framework related questions: What are the driving forces for the development of 6G? How will the enabling technologies of 6G differ from those in 5G? What kind of applications and interactions will they support which would not be supported by 5G? We address these questions by presenting a comprehensive study of the 6G vision and outlining seven of its disruptive technologies, i.e., mmWave communications, terahertz communications, optical wireless communications, programmable metasurfaces, drone-based communications, backscatter communications and tactile internet, as well as their potential applications. Then, by leveraging the state-of-the-art literature surveyed for each technology, we discuss the associated requirements, key challenges, and open research problems. These discussions are thereafter used to open up the horizon for future research directions. INDEX TERMS 6G, backscatter communications, drone-based communications, terahertz communications, metasurfaces, mmWave, optical wireless communications, tactile internet.

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Section: ) State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent advancements in the design of THz communications systems are summarized in Table 4. THz modulator [60]- [67] Antenna design [71]- [78] Transceiver design [79]- [84] Channel modeling [86]- [100]…”

Section: ) State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Prospective Look: Key Enabling Technologies, Applications and Open Research Topics in 6G Networks

et al. 2020

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“…Fortunately, many materials can be utilized as tunable components in terahertz frequencies. Doped semiconductor [39], vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) [40], liquid crystal (LC) [41], transparent conducting oxide (TCO) [42], graphene, 2D electron gas (2DEG) [43], halide perovskite [44], quantum dot (QD) [45], and superconductor [46,47] have been used to design terahertz metasurfaces and experimentally verified with freedom of regulating amplitude responses, phase responses, and polarizations. The excitation method is no longer limited to electric control, and thermal environment and light pump also become effective incentives.…”

Section: Active Metasurfaces For Terahertz Manipulation Active Metasumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, active metasurfaces have been widely used to realize amplitude and/or phase modulation [39,40,[43][44][45]. Recently, Li et al proposed an electrically controlled superconducting metasurface to actively tune the transmitting response [66].…”

Section: Active Metasurfaces For Terahertz Manipulation Active Metasumentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Metasurfaces: Toward Multifunctional and Programmable Wave Manipulation

et al. 2020

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Metasurfaces, composed of prearranged artificial unit cells possessing different electromagnetic (EM) responses, provide unprecedented abilities to realize versatile wave manipulations. Especially in the terahertz spectrum, metasurfaces attract broad attention by opening up further possibilities for wave regulating. Terahertz applications in various fields, for instance, spatial light modulation (SLM), radar, imaging, time-domain spectroscopy (TDS), and high-speed communication, have been facilitated and improved. In this article, we first give a simple review on recent advances on terahertz metasurfaces, including discussion of passive metasurfaces with fixed structures and active metasurfaces integrated with tunable components. Then, we briefly review the development of coding metasurfaces and programmable metasurfaces represented by digitized bits. We mainly focus on some powerful functions, functional multiplexing, and real-time controlled applications in terahertz frequencies. Finally, we give an abbreviated overview of developing terahertz multifunctional metasurfaces and programmable metasurfaces.

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“…Numerous exotic phenomena in metamaterials (e.g., invisible cloak 1 , negative refraction 2 , abnormal reflection 3 ) have enabled a considerable number of appealing applications, such as ultra-compact wave plates 4 , broadband absorbers 5 and optical circuit boards 6 . Moreover, the electromagnetic properties of metamaterials can be freely tuned by lights 7–9 , electrics 10–13 , magnetics 14–17 and temperatures 18–20 changing material composition or shapes of metamaterial unit cells. It is known that these optical properties are largely determined by the collective resonance movement of free electrons in metamaterial unit cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-tuning methods for semiconductor metamaterials

Wang

Huang

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Among various tunable optical devices, tunable metamaterials have exhibited their excellent ability to dynamically manipulate lights in an efficient manner. However, for unchangeable optical properties of metals, electromagnetic resonances of popular metallic metamaterials are usually tuned indirectly by varying the properties or structures of substrates around the resonant unit cells, and the tuning of metallic metamaterials has significantly low efficiency. In this paper, a direct-tuning method for semiconductor metamaterials is proposed. The resonance strength and resonance frequencies of the metamaterials can be significantly tuned by controlling free carriers’ distributions in unit cells under an applied voltage. This direct-tuning method has been verified in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional semiconductor metamaterials. In principle, the method allows for simplifying the structure of tunable metamaterials and opens the path to applications in ultrathin, linearly-tunable, and on-chip integrated optical components (e.g., tunable ultrathin lenses, nanoscale spatial light modulators and optical cavities with resonance modes switchable).

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Electrically Tunable Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Terahertz Metasurface Modulators

Cited by 36 publications

References 44 publications

A Prospective Look: Key Enabling Technologies, Applications and Open Research Topics in 6G Networks

A Prospective Look: Key Enabling Technologies, Applications and Open Research Topics in 6G Networks

Terahertz Metasurfaces: Toward Multifunctional and Programmable Wave Manipulation

Direct-tuning methods for semiconductor metamaterials

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