Electrically Tunable Nd:YAG waveguide laser based on Graphene

Ma, Lixiang; Tan, Yang; Akhmadaliev, Shavkat; Zhou, Shengqiang; Chen, Feng

doi:10.1038/srep36785

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Larger Fermi level shift is possi-ble through the optimization of the device fabrication method (e.g. the quality of the deposited di electric layer, metal contacts, multilayer graphene) [25,26,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], which is desirable to increase the modulation depth of the GEOM.…”

Section: Characterization Results Of the Geommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphene and other two-dimensional (2d) layered materials have shown extraordinary physical properties for various photonic and optoelectronic applications [8][9][10][11]. Indeed, numerous devices based on 2d materials have been proposed and demonstrated, such as passive SAs [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], electro-optic modulators [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], polarizers [36] and photodetectors [37,38]. Among them, graphene electro-optic modulators (GEOMs) have been demonstrated as a viable alternative to conventional material-based modulators due to their broadband and ultrafast performance, small footprint and low energy consumption [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, numerous devices based on 2d materials have been proposed and demonstrated, such as passive SAs [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], electro-optic modulators [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], polarizers [36] and photodetectors [37,38]. Among them, graphene electro-optic modulators (GEOMs) have been demonstrated as a viable alternative to conventional material-based modulators due to their broadband and ultrafast performance, small footprint and low energy consumption [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Recently, a particularly interesting method is undergoing development to improve the performance of passively modulated lasers with graphene based electro-optic modulators [30-34, 39, 40] (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Graphene actively Q-switched lasers

Li¹,

Xue²,

Qi³

et al. 2017

2D Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Characterization Results Of the Geommentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Graphene actively Q-switched lasers

Li¹,

Xue²,

Qi³

et al. 2017

2D Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the process of designing structure, the difficulty is taken into account. This structure can be processed by the existing CMOS technology [36,37]. In practical manufacturing process, etching process is used to form the core area of waveguide on SiO 2 .…”

Section: Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz graphene modulator based on hybrid plasmonic waveguide

Huang

Song

2021

Phys. Scr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As a key component of on-chip interconnection, optical modulator with large modulation depth and tiny footprint has always been studied. Profiting by high carrier mobility and flexible adjustability of graphene, numerous graphene modulators at optical communication band are proposed to overcome inherent flaws of traditional semiconductor waveguide modulators. Here, a terahertz waveguide modulator combing noble metal and graphene is presented. When Fermi level changes from 0 eV to 1 eV, intensity distribution of electric field becomes dispersed. Interaction area of graphene and wave increases, which results in larger propagation loss. On the premise of the existence of the allowed mode, the size of metal and the thickness of dielectric should be small. Besides, modulation capability of this device can also be improved by multilayer graphene with relaxation time of 0.1 ps. After optimizing structure parameters, the designed graphene waveguide modulator obtains modulation depth of 6.1 dB μm−1 at the frequency of 5 THz, and keeps effective mode area below 10−5. With the increase of frequency, modulation depth decreases. Modulation depth of 1.5 dB μm−1 is achieved at 10 THz, but the corresponding effective mode area remains in an ideal range. Because the allowed mode is confined in a tiny room, cross-sectional area of device is less than 4 μm2.

show abstract

“…The slope efficiency is estimated to be above 74%. The nonlinear absorption of graphene can be electrically controlled to realize gate-voltage-dependent Q-switched waveguide laser pulses [49]. With the increase of the applied voltage, the Fermi level of graphene could be tuned with the optical absorption ratio changes from 29.2% to 15%, and the modulated depth varied from 1.2% to 0%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-dimensional materials as saturable absorbers for pulsed waveguide lasers

Pang

et al. 2020

J. Phys. Photonics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Low-dimensional (LD) materials, such as 2D materials, carbon nanotubes, and nanoparticles, have attracted increasing attention for light modulation in photonics and optoelectronics. The high nonlinearity, broad bandwidth, and fast response enabled by LD materials are critical to realize desired functionalities in highly integrated photonic systems. Driven by the growing demand for compact laser sources, LD materials have recently demonstrated their great capacity as saturable absorbers in pulsed (Q-switched or mode-locked) laser generation in waveguide platforms. We review the recent advances of pulsed waveguide lasers based on LD materials. A perspective is also presented in this rapidly growing research field. Fundamentals of LD saturable absorbers and optical waveguidesOwing to the diverse electronic structures, LD materials offer versatile options to realize wide applications based on the nonlinear optical response. Currently, semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) are the most frequently used commercial SAs, processing high damage threshold and prominent stability. However, a variety of LD materials retain a number of advantages to be nonlinear SAs, of which SESAMs © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd J. Phys. Photonics 2 (2020) 031001 Z Li et al cannot fulfill, such as broadband operation, ultrafast recovery time, low cost, and better compatibility with compact devices such as fibers and waveguides. Recently, an increasing number of research efforts have been made to unfold the nonlinear optical properties as well as its corresponding applications of the emerging LD materials [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. For semiconducting or semimetallic LD materials, the main mechanism for nonlinear saturable absorption is Pauli blocking. After photoexcitation, non-equilibrium carrier state could be created, in which valence-band electrons can be excited to the conduction band, and a hole can be formed on the valence band. As the increase of the incident light intensity, the photon absorption processes of LD materials experience a transition from linear absorption to saturable absorption. When the light intensity continues increasing and reaches the saturation intensity, the extra photons will no longer be absorbed by the electrons in the valence band, and the transmittance of the SA will not increase but gradually tend to a stable value. For metallic nanoparticles, the dominant mechanism is the LSPR effect arising from the interaction between the electric field of incident light and the surface electrons in the conduction band. The optical nonlinearity could be significantly enhanced while maintaining the ultrafast recovery time. These nonlinear effects are widely used in passively Q-switched or mode-locked lasers. In order to characterize the nonlinear optical properties, femtosecond Z-scan spectroscopy is typically employed by moving the sample along the Z direction through a focused Gaussian beam. The laser intensity can be varied continuously with the maximum at the focal poin...

show abstract

Electrically Tunable Nd:YAG waveguide laser based on Graphene

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Graphene actively Q-switched lasers

Graphene actively Q-switched lasers

Terahertz graphene modulator based on hybrid plasmonic waveguide

Low-dimensional materials as saturable absorbers for pulsed waveguide lasers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About