Electro‐conductive nanofibrous structure based on PGS/PCL coated with PPy by in situ chemical polymerization applicable as cardiac patch: Fabrication and optimization

Abstract

As a special structure and due to the unique properties of submicron-scale fibers and electrical conductivity, conductive nanofibers recently attracted further attention in various fields, especially tissue engineering. This study aimed to coat poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS) nanofiber/poly(caprolactone) (PCL) as a widely used combination in the fields of medicine with poly(pyrrole) (PPy) as a conductive polymer, subsequently studying and optimizing production process variables using response surface methodology (RSM). The samples were examined for morphological and structural, and their electrical conductivity and electroactivity were measured using a fourpoint probe system and a cyclic voltammetry, respectively. The electrospinning conditions for constructing the substrate nanofibers with the smallest diameter were optimized. The monomer concentration of 0.05M and the polymerization time of 3.3 h exploiting the RSM were also considered as the optimal conditions for obtaining coated-nanofibers with the smallest diameter and desired electrical conductivity (0.001 S/cm). The structural findings confirmed the successful synthesis of PGS and PPy. The conductive-nanofiber produced under optimal conditions revealed good mechanical properties (tensile strength = 3.12 ± 0.19 MPa and elongation at break = 80.26 ± 13.71%). The highest biocompatibility was observed for the sample synthesized with the pyrrole concentration of 0.05M, which can be a suitable candidate for application in cardiac tissue engineering.

Realization of High Loading Density Lithium Polymer Batteries by Optimizing Lithium-Ion Transport and Electronic Conductivity

“…The resistance value of the electrode was derived by the slope in the current–voltage plot (Figure S14). The electronic conductivity of the electrodes was calculated from formula where d is the thickness of the electrode and I and V are current and voltage, respectively. As shown in Figure b, a decrease in bulk resistance and an increase in electronic conductivity in the electrodes were observed as the pressing degree was increased.…”

Conductive polymers for cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration

“…The same parameter influenced Young's modulus (E) and fiber diameter of the conductive mat during the post‐annealing phase 99 . When coated on a blended poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) nanofiber/poly(caprolactone) (PCL) electrospun scaffold, polypyrrole exhibited a similar effect in terms of mechanical characteristics and electrical conductivity 100 . Similarly, nanofibrous sheets of PLA/PANI (containing up to 3% PANI) produced for cardiac tissue engineering displayed good cell survival and stimulated differentiation of H9c2 cardio myoblasts, as measured by maturation index and fusion index 101 .…”

Electroconductive Nanofiber/Myocardium Gel Scaffolds Applicable for Myocardial Infarction Therapy

“…The reaction variables, including the Py monomer concentration and the polymerization time, were optimized using an experimental design method, which consisted of a Py monomer concentration of 0.5 mM and a polymerization time of 3.3 h. 41 The goal of optimization was to achieve an electrical conductivity of 0.001 S cm −1 , which was measured in native heart tissue. To prevent clumping during the PPy synthesis process, the nanofiber layers were adhered to a plastic frame.…”

“…40 Synthesis of PGS was done at 120 °C under inert atmosphere gas (nitrogen) for 24 h. In order to determine the optimal conditions for PGS/PCL nanofiber production, we employed an experimental design method described in our previous study. 41 The method involved using a laboratory electrospinning device with a distance of 20 cm and a voltage of 17 kV (Figure 1a). The PGS/PCL polymer concentration was 18% (w/v) with a solvent system consisting of CF/DMF in a 70:30 ratio to prepare the electrospinning solution.…”