Electrocatalysts by Electrodeposition: Recent Advances, Synthesis Methods, and Applications in Energy Conversion

Kale, Manoj B.; Borse, Rahul Anil; Mohamed, Aya Gomaa Abdelkader; Wang, Yaobing

doi:10.1002/adfm.202101313

Cited by 128 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…The electrochemical reaction at the solid-liquid interface proved to be an effective method for depositing the electrocatalysts on a conductive substrate, demonstrating several advantages, such as controllability, convenience, and scalability. [40] Our concept involves employing discontinuous the SLCLs that were formed by the regular pores in the gold microgrids to electrochemically fabricate highly uniform MnO coating. Figure 2A shows that the distribution of MnO on the surface of the gold substrate was not uniform when the flat gold foil was utilized as the conductive substrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemically Fabricated Superhydrophilic/Superaerophobic Manganese Oxide Nanowires at Discontinuous Solid–Liquid Interfaces for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Performances

Jin

Nie

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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The design of an electrode surface is critical to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during electrochemical water splitting since the catalytic activity depends strongly on surface characteristics, such as the coating uniformity of the catalysts, electrolyte wetting, and the gas‐bubble release ability. Here, nonprecious‐metal electrocatalysts (MnO nanowires) are electrochemically deposited on the surface of a porous gold microgrid. The discontinuous solid–liquid contact lines, which are formed by the microgrids during the liquid‐phase electrochemical reaction, generate MnO nanowires with high coating uniformity. The micro/nanostructure of the electrode induces a superhydrophilic surface, which facilitates the wetting of the alkaline electrolyte and increases the electrochemical active surface area. Simultaneously, the underwater superaerophobicity of the electrode promotes the release of the oxygen products, thus reducing the occupation of the catalytic sites by the gas bubbles. The synergistic effect of electrolyte wetting and gas release ensures that this superhydrophilic/superaerophobic electrode exhibits a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the OER at an overpotential of 530 mV in 0.1 m KOH, placing the catalyst among the best MnO catalysts for OER. This work avails a new basis for synergistically optimizing the synthesis methods (electrolyte wetting and gas‐bubble release) toward high‐performance OER electrodes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemically Fabricated Superhydrophilic/Superaerophobic Manganese Oxide Nanowires at Discontinuous Solid–Liquid Interfaces for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Performances

Jin

Nie

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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“…The advanced synthetic strategy of electrochemical deposition has been demonstrated to be a promising alternative method with advantages of handleability, repeatability, and controllability. [35] Luo et al employed electrochemical deposition to load Pt SACs on CoP nanotube arrays, improving the electron transfer rate during electrocatalytic reaction. [36] Wang and co-workers immobilized Pt SAs into the Mo vacancies with promoted electrocatalytic performance via electrochemical methods.…”

Section: Electrochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designed Synthesis and Catalytic Mechanisms of Non‐Precious Metal Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Tong

Wang

2021

Small Methods

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ORR is proceeded through a two-electron (2e − ) or four-electron (4e − ) pathway. [2][3][4][5] Due to the requirement of high energy conversion efficiency for energy devices, the 4e − pathway directly reducing O 2 to H 2 O is the ideal reaction process. Heretofore, precious metal Pt is still considered as an excellent catalyst for high-efficiency 4e − pathway. [6] However, the high-cost and scarcity limit the extensive use of Pt in practical applications. Thus, development of low-cost and non-precious metal catalysts for energy devices is an intuitively effective strategy.According to the principle that the active sites can be increased by reducing the geometry size, single-atom catalysts (SACs) could expose abundant active sites with maximum atomic utilization and unique physico-chemical properties. [7] It has been presented as a kind of new catalyst members and shows more excellent activity, selectivity, and stability compared with traditional catalysts. Since Thomas et al. first discovered the SACs in 1995, the SACs have been attracting a great deal of attention. [8] In 2000, Heiz et al. prepared SACs containing ≈1-30 Pd atoms for catalyzing acetylene cyclization polymerization reactions. [9] Subsequently, the research of SACs has been rapidly developed into a frontier topic in the field of catalysis since the concept of "single-atom catalysis" was first mentioned by Zhang et al. in 2001. [10] Soon afterwards, Zhang and co-workers proposed an Au-alloyed Pd SACs for ullmann organocatalytic reaction. [11] Subsequently, the Rh SACs loaded on ZnO nanowires could be used to industrially catalyze hydroformylation of olefins by Zhang et al. [12] It showed high activity and selectivity for the hydroformylation of propylene by Zeng et al. [13] Besides, the SACs can be used to catalyze other important electrocatalytic reactions, such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 RR). For instance, Yu et al. reported that Pt SAC supported on N-doped mesoporous hollow carbon spheres could exhibit excellent HER activity. [14] Wei and co-workers. dispersed Co-P 4 active sites on g-C 3 N 4 as for photocatalytic water splitting reaction. [15] Moreover, Wang et al. used DFT to study a series of transition metals SACs (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) supported on N-doped graphene, proving that Co-N 4 SAC performed the most excellent OER activity. [16] Wang et al. synthesized Fe SAC on carbonbase with high-efficiency CO 2 RR catalytic activity. [17] Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the important half-reaction for metal-air batteries and fuel cells (FCs), which plays the decisive role for the performance of whole devices. Developing high-efficiency non-precious metal ORR catalysts is urgent and still challenging. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are considered to be one of the promising substitutes for Pt due to their maximum atom utilization efficiency and mass activity. Despite considerable efforts in preparing various SACs, the reaction mechanism and intrinsic activity modulat...

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“…Electrons, on the other hand, flow through the external circuit toward the cathode for the continuous reduction of the metal ions. [ 11 ]…”

Section: Fundamental Principles Of Electrodepositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 10 ] Unlike most other methods, the electrochemical route typically does not require surfactants or reductants. [ 11 ] The electrodeposition directly provides the electrons to reduce single metal ions into their elemental states. Both the thermodynamics and kinetics of the metal growth can be readily controlled by adjusting parameters such as potential, current density, electrolyte, precursor's concentration, and deposition time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the thermodynamics and kinetics of the metal growth can be readily controlled by adjusting parameters such as potential, current density, electrolyte, precursor's concentration, and deposition time. [ 11,12 ] The fast kinetics of electrodeposition can accelerate the single‐atom dispersion process and hence, lead to a much higher efficiency as compared to the other time‐consuming and procedurally demanding methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Atomic‐Level Metal Electrodeposition: Synthetic Strategies, Applications, and Catalytic Mechanism in Electrochemical Energy Conversion

et al. 2022

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Electrochemical energy conversion is considered a promising method to alleviate the global energy crisis and environmental issues. By decreasing the length scale to the atomic level, the energy‐related metal electrocatalysts can possess unique catalytic properties, which can maximize their utilization. The electrodeposition technique has gained unprecedented attention for the synthesis of atomic‐level metal catalysts. In this review, the recent progress on the various strategies used to electrodeposit atomic‐level metal catalysts is summarized. The basic principles of the surface‐limited electrochemical techniques (underpotential deposition (UPD)) and their applications in the self‐terminating growth of atomic‐level metal catalysts are highlighted. This review also discusses the mechanistic investigations, comprehensive understanding of the structure–activity relationships at the atomic level and the application of these atomic‐level catalysts in the electrochemical energy conversion in details. Finally, the current challenges and future directions on the potential use of the atomic level electrodeposition are presented.

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Electrocatalysts by Electrodeposition: Recent Advances, Synthesis Methods, and Applications in Energy Conversion

Cited by 128 publications

References 109 publications

Electrochemically Fabricated Superhydrophilic/Superaerophobic Manganese Oxide Nanowires at Discontinuous Solid–Liquid Interfaces for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Performances

Electrochemically Fabricated Superhydrophilic/Superaerophobic Manganese Oxide Nanowires at Discontinuous Solid–Liquid Interfaces for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Performances

Designed Synthesis and Catalytic Mechanisms of Non‐Precious Metal Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Atomic‐Level Metal Electrodeposition: Synthetic Strategies, Applications, and Catalytic Mechanism in Electrochemical Energy Conversion

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